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NO01 Airflow Class Intro
NO01 Airflow Class Intro
CAEE Department
Office Hours:
Tuesday and Thursday 11:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Today’s Lecture Objectives:
• Name
• Background
- academic program and status
• Professional interests
Motivation for
Modeling of Indoor Air Distribution using CFD:
• Major exposure to contaminant is in indoor environment
dC
Sources Sinks Perfect mixing
dt
C C C C 2C 2C 2C
Vx Vy Vz D 2 D 2 D 2 Sources Sinks
t x y z x y z
2) Control Supply
Supply
diffusers
Example of Buoyancy Driven Flow:
Airflow in a Stairwell
Heater (radiator)
Example of Force Convection
Contaminant Concentration in a Kitchen
Example Particle Dispersion
What CFD Does
• Real flow
• Modeling
Fluid Dynamics
Continuity:
Momentum:
Numerical Methods
Simulation Software (CFD)
Input Output
Simulation Software
If Then
Garbage IN Garbage OUT
Course Objectives
• Recognize the physics behind various numerical tools
used for solving airflow problems.
References:
2) Computational Fluid Dynamics –The Basics With
Applications
Anderson
Test 30%
Homework Assignments 25%
Midterm Project 10%
Final Project & Presentation 30%
Classroom Participation 5%
100%
Participation 5%
• Based on my assessment of your participation
in the class
• HW1
Problems related to fluid dynamic
• HW2
Problem related to turbulence modeling
• HW3
Problem related numeric
Midterm Project 10%
• Individual project
Review
Conservation equations
Important operations
Total derivative for fluid particle which is moving:
D
Vx Vy Vz
D x y z V
z
any scalar
y
Vector and scalar operators: x
U V (U x i U y j U z k ) (Vx i V y j Vz k ) (U x Vx ) (U y V y ) (U z Vz )
scalar
grad i j k
x y z
Vx V y Vz
div V
x y z
vector
Shear and Normal stress
τyx
Continuity equation -conservation of mass
Mass flow in and out of fluid element
Infinitely small volume
Volume V = δxδyδz
Volume sides:
Ax = δyδz
Ay = δxδz
Az = δxδy
Change of density in volume =
= Σ(Mass in) - Σ(Mass out)
……………….
……………….
u v w
0
x y z
Incompressible flow
u v w
0
x y z
Momentum equation –Newton’s second law
m a F or : m a x Fx m a y Fy m a z Fz dimensions of
fluid particle
Dv
For a and for volume of fluid particle x y z
D
Dv x Dv y Dv z
fx fy fz
D D D
Stress components in x direction
total forces
derivative per unit of volume
in direction x
………………..
………………
…………….
Momentum equation
Dv x
fx
D Sum of all forces in x direction
p xx yx zx
fx Sx
x x y z
Internal source
Dv x p yx zx
xx Sx
D x x y z
v x v x v x v x p xx yx zx
( Vx Vy Vz ) Sx x direction
x y z x x y z
v y v y v y p xy yy zy
v y
( Vx Vy Vz ) Sy y direction
x y z y x y z
v z v z v z v z p xz yz zz
( Vx Vy Vz ) Sz z direction
x y z z x y z
Newtonian fluids
• Viscous stress are proportional to the rate of deformation (e)
Elongation:
v v y v
e xx x , e yy , e zz z
x y z
Shearing deformation:
1 v x v y 1 v x v z 1 v y v z
e xy e yx , e xz e zx , e yz e zy
2 y x 2 z x 2 z y
For incompressible flow
Viscous stress:
0
v x v y v v x V V y Vz
xx 2 , yy 2 , zz 2 z xx 2 ( x )
x y z x x y z
viscosity
v x v y v x v z v y v z
xy yx , xz zx , yz zy
y x z x z y
Momentum equations for Newtonian fluids
After substitution:
x direction:
y direction:
z direction: