OPENING PRAYER

Hell
o!
I am Elizabeth M. Janubas
Occupational Health Nurse
TOPIC:

 Hygiene
 Contamination
✔ sickness and ailments
 DO’s and DON’T at work
✔ handwashing
 Dress code
Personal
Hygiene

✔ behaviors that must be

practiced in daily life,
 body, hair, mouth and teeth must
starting from morning to be cleaned regularly.
sleep time to protect our
 clothes must be washed
health. frequently.
HYGIENE
(World Health Organization)
"Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to
maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases."
IMPORTANCE

To help prevent the spread of illness

Prevent contamination of food
and disease. products (FOOD SAFETY)
 FOOD SAFETY

✔ Preventing or reducing
contamination of foods
○ by people
○ by their actions or inactions
 DRESS CODE
✔ Clean uniforms / mill gown
- no tears
 No street shoes
- Clean foot ware - sanitized
clogs/ boots
 Hair restraints
- hairnets, head cap
 Face mask
 Hand gloves
 DRESS CODE

 No jewelry
 No visible body piercing
 No nail polish, false fingernails
 No false eyelashes
What you can’t do at work?

No eating
No drinking
No smoking
No spitting
No chewing gum
Type of wounds:
✔ Laceration
✔ Abrasion
✔ Puncture wounds
✔ Surgical wounds and incisions
✔ Thermal, chemical or electric burns
✔ Bites and stings
✔ Gunshot wounds, or other high velocity
projectiles that can penetrate the body
 WOUND DRESSING

✔ used to clean, cover,

and protect the
wound from the
external environment.
 If you are with Ailment….
Inform your supervisor and seek  sore throat with fever
 boils or cuts
medical consult immediately if you  discharges from ears,
exhibit any of the following nose or eyes
symptoms:  excessive coughing or
sneezing
 jaundice
 diarrhea
 vomiting
 fever
HANDWASHING
Before
○ you start working

After:
○ Handling raw ingredients
○ Smoking, eating or drinking
○ Using a handkerchief or
tissue
BY: EMJanubas, RN
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
What is a communicable
disease?
A communicable disease is one that is
spread from one person to another
through a variety of ways that
include: contact with blood and
bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne
virus; or by being bitten by an insect
 “
CHICKEN POX
Chickenpox
 a viral illness characterized by a very itchy red rash, is one of
the most common infectious diseases of childhood.

 caused by the herpes varicella-zoster virus.

 It is spread by droplets from a sneeze or cough, or by contact

with the clothing, bed linens or oozing blisters of an infected
person.
 CHICKENpox

 The onset of symptoms is 10 to 21

days after exposure.
The disease is most contagious a day
or two before the rash appears and
until the rash is completely dry and
scabbed over.
Signs & Symptoms
 Chickenpox appears as a very  Vesicles may also appear in the
itchy rash that spreads from the mouth, on the scalp, around
torso to the neck, face and the eyes or on the genitals and
extremities can be very painful.
 Lasting seven to 10 days, the
rash progresses from red
bumps to fluid-filled blisters
(vesicles) that drain and scab
over
 Signs & Symptoms

.
 Mode of Transmission
 direct contact with the chickenpox
blisters

 by airborne droplets
when coughing or sneezing

 contact with infected items of

clothing or bedding.
Mode of Transmission

 Risk of catching the virus increases if you have been

in the same room as a person with chickenpox for 15
minutes

 You were in close contact

example: face to face with an infected person
 What is the best treatment for
chicken pox?
✔ There is no specific treatment for chickenpox, but there
are pharmacy remedies that can alleviate symptoms.
These include
✔ 1. paracetamol to relieve fever, and
✔ calamine lotion and cooling gels to ease itching. In
most children, the blisters crust up and fall off naturally
within one to two weeks.
 What is the best treatment for
chicken pox?
Avoiding dehydration: It is important to drink plenty
of fluids, preferably water, to prevent dehydration,
which can be a complication of chickenpox.
The following may also help prevent scratching:
 keeping fingernails clean and as short as possible
 placing mittens or even socks over a child’s hands when
they go to sleep, so that any attempt at scratching during
the night does not cut the skin
 wearing loose clothing
Prevention
 Healthy lifestyle
 Handwashing
 vaccination
1.Varivax:
2.ProQuad- This is a combination vaccine that also contains vaccines for
measles, mumps, and rubella
HEPATITIS A
Symptoms

What are the symptoms of

hepatitis A?
Not everyone with hepatitis A
has symptoms.
If symptoms develop, they can
include:
 Yellow skin or eyes
 Not wanting to eat
 Upset stomach
 Stomach pain
 Fever
 Dark urine or light- colored
stools
 Diarrhea
 Joint pain
 Feeling tired
 Treatment:

✔The majority of people who have been

infected with the HAV virus do not
require any form of treatment, other than
treatment to relieve the symptoms they
are experiencing.
 How is hepatitis A treated?
To treat the symptoms of hepatitis A, doctors
usually ......
 recommend rest,
 adequate nutrition,
 and fluids.
 Some people with severe symptoms will
need medical care in a hospital.
Prevention / Vaccination

✔ Vaccination
✔ Practicing good hand hygiene — including thoroughly
washing hands after using the bathroom,
✔ and before preparing or eating food — plays an important
role in preventing the spread of hepatitis A
Is the hepatitis A vaccine
effective?
✔Yes, both types of hepatitis A vaccine
are highly effective in preventing
hepatitis A virus infection. Receiving
the entire vaccine series (all of the
required shots) results in long-term
Is the hepatitis A vaccine safe?

✔Yes, the hepatitis A vaccine is safe. No

serious side effects have been
reported from the hepatitis A vaccine.
Soreness at the injection site is the
most common side effect reported.
HEPATITIS B.
KEY FACTS
✔ The virus is most commonly
transmitted from mother to
 Hepatitis B is a viral
child during birth and
infection that attacks the
delivery, as well as through
liver and can cause both
contact with blood or other
acute and chronic disease.
body fluids during sex with an
infected partner, unsafe
injections or exposures to
sharp instruments
HEPATITIS B
✔ Hepatitis B is a potentially
life-threatening liver
infection caused by the
hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is
a major global health
problem. It can cause
chronic infection and puts
people at high risk of death
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
✔ Nausea & Vomitting
✔ Achy muscles or joints
✔ Loss of appetite
✔ Mild fever
✔ Weakness and fatigue
✔ Dark urine
✔ Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
PREVENTION TIPS

Get vaccinated
Wash hands frequently with
soap and water
Use condoms with sexual
partners
CONJUNCTIVITIS
 CONJUNCTIVITIS

 Redness and inflammation of the eye membranes.

 Can affect one or both eyes.

 Eyes may feel as if a foreign object is in them, or they may

feel tired, heavy, and hard to keep open.
 Caused by:

- Infection
- Allergies
- Too much sun exposure
- Eye fatigue
✔ Time from exposure to onset of symptoms lasts 5-12
days.
 Signs & symptoms

 watery to pus-like eye discharge

 Eye redness
 Eyelids stuck together upon waking up
 Pain of the eye upon exposure to sunlight & foreign
body solution.
 Mode of Transmission
 Direct contact with eye secretions of the infected person.

 Touching eyes with hands getting contact with surfaces,

instruments, eye solutions, or make up contaminated with
the virus from an infected person.

 Entry of the virus through the eye by swimming in poorly

chlorinated pool.
Treatment

 No specific treatment.

 Opthalmologist consult
 Mngt:

 Wash hands frequently

 Minimize hand to eye contact
 Use your own towel, make up, eyedrops and
sunglasses
 Disinfect surfaces, doorknobs, counters, elevator
buttons, and handrails with diluted bleach solution.
DIARRHEA
 DIARRHEA
✔ Diarrhea is unusually loose or watery stools.

✔ The problem may be acute, persistent or chronic.

✔ Acute diarrhea is short-lasting - between several hours and a

number of days, and for less than 2 weeks or 14 days.
 DIARRHEA
✔ Acute diarrhea includes cholera. If the acute diarrhea is
bloody, it is called dysentery.

✔ Persistent diarrhea lasts for longer than 2 weeks but less than
4 weeks.

✔ Chronic diarrhea lasts more than 4 weeks

 CAUSES

✔ The microbes causing gastrointestinal infection that leads to diarrhea include:

✔ Bacteria
✔ Viruses
 Parasitic organisms
DIARRHEA
The most commonly identified
causes of acute diarrhea are the
bacteria Salmonella,
Campylobacter,
Shigella and
Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
✔ Diarrhea is itself a symptom ✔ Stomach pain
of frequent and loose or ✔ Abdominal cramps
watery stools. It may be ✔ Bloating
accompanied by other
✔ Thirst
symptoms as a result,
including the following: ✔ Weight loss
✔ Fever.
 TREATMENT
✔ For all cases of diarrhea, the first ✔ Oral rehydration solution/salts (ORS)
important step in treatment is to ✔ Over-the-counter antidiarrheal medicines
rehydrate. are available.
✔ Replace lost fluids through
measures ranging from drinking
more fluids to receiving them
intravenously in severe cases.
PREVENTION
✔ Safe drinking water ✔ For mothers with young babies, breastfeeding
for the first 6 months of life.
✔ Good sanitation (toilets)
✔ Good hygiene practices - both personal
✔ Hand washing with soap - after hygiene and in the kitchen.
defecation, after cleaning a child who
has defecated, after disposing of a
child's stool, before preparing food, ✔ Education on the spread of infections.
and before eating
HAND WASHING
Note:
There is an evidence that
interventions from public
health bodies to simply
promote hand washing can
cut diarrhea rates.
PULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS-
- is an infectious disease
caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. This
microorganism not only
infects the lung but also
other organs such as brain,
kidneys and lymph nodes.
TYPES OF
TUBERCULOSIS:
1. LATENT- You have the germs in your
body, but your immune system keeps them
from spreading .
- No symptoms visible.

2. ACTIVE- The germs multiply and make

you sick
- It can spread to others.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Cough up with phlegm & blood

Persistent fever, low grade fever

Night Sweats/chills

Chest pain

Unexplained weight loss

Feeling tired
MODE OF TRANSMISSION -is the route or method of transfer by which the
infectious microorganism moves or is carried from one place to another to reach the

new host .
Coughing

Sneezing

Laughing

Singing
TUBERCULOSIS
How PTB is diagnosed?
✔ Ask Medical History
✔ Conduct Physical Examination (APE)
✔ Schedule Chest X-Ray
✔ Confirmatory tests:

○ Skin Test (Mantoux Test)

○ Blood Test (IGRAs) Interferon-Gamma
Release Assays
MEDICAL TREATMENT
✔ ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS (TB
DRUGS)

R- IFAMPICIN
I - SONIAZID
P - YRAZINAMIDE
E- THAMBUTOL
PREVENTION
✔ 1. Provide education on
preventing TB like cough
etiquette.
✔ Avoid extended close contact with
someone who has TB
✔ Air out rooms regularly
(Disinfection)
✔ Use facemask to cover mouth and
nose
✔ Annual Physical Examination
Why is it important to be aware?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV

✔H = Infects only Human

beings
✔I = Immunodeficiency virus
weakens the immune
system and increases the
risk of infection
✔V = Virus that attacks the
body
Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
 AIDS
✔A = Acquired, not inherited
✔I = Weakens the Immune
system
✔D = Creates a Deficiency of
CD4+ cells in the immune
system
✔S = Syndrome, or a group of
illnesses taking place at the
same time
HIV / AIDS
• When the immune
system becomes
weakened by HIV, the
illness progresses to
AIDS

• Some blood tests,

symptoms or certain
infections indicate
progression of HIV to
AIDS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION

 Blood to blood contact

 Unprotected sex with an
infected partner
 Transmission from
infected mother to fetus
HEARSAY / RUMOR

HIV/AIDS is not transmitted:

○ Touching
○ Through eating foods
○ Through kissing
○ In the pool/Public Toilet
○ Insect bites
STAGES OF H I V
Stage 1 : Acute Infection
- within 2-4 weeks after infection
symptoms includes:
✔ Fever / Chills
✔ Rash
✔ Muscle aches
✔ Sore throat
✔ Fatigue
✔ Swollen lymph nodes & mouth
Stage 2: Clinical Latency
 Virus multiplies but at
very low levels.

 May not feel sick or have

no symptoms
Stage 3: AIDS (Late stage)

If not in HIV treatment, the

immune system weakens
progresses to AIDS .
Symptoms of AIDS:
 Rapid weight loss
 Recurring fever or night sweats
 Extreme and unexplained tiredness
 Prolonged swelling of the lump glands in the axilla,
groin, neck
 Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
 Mouth sore, including anus or genitals
 Red, brown, pink under the skin or inside the
mouth, nose or eyelids.
 Memory loss, depression and other neurologic
disorder
Keys to remember:

✔ No cure for HIV but treatment with HIV medicines called

(ART) Antiretroviral therapy
○ purpose: can slow or prevent HIV from advancing
from one stage to next
○ The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to
get TESTED
○ Normal CD4 range is 500 - 1, 500
○ Below 200 indicates AIDS
DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE
POLICY AND PROGRAMS

✔Pursuant to republic Act No. 9165 also

known as the comprehensive Dangerous
Drug Act of 2002
 PROGRAM AND POLICIES:
1. Drug testing
A. Random testing- members maybe selected at
ramdom for drug testing at any interval determined
by the cooperative/company
B. For cause testing- The cooperative may ask any
members to submit to drug test at any time it feels
that the employee may be under the influence of
Programs and Policies

✔Including but not limited to the

following evidence of drugs on or
about the employees vicinity unusual
conduct, negative performance
pattern, or excessive and unexplained
PROGRAM AND POLICY
✔ The cooperative shall inform members who was
subjected to a drug test of the test results whether
positive or negative and all cost of drug testing shall
be home by the cooperative.
2. Treatment, rehabilitation and referral
A. Members who for the 1st time is found positive of
drug use shall be referred for treatment/rehab
PROGRAM AND POLICY

3. Advocacy, Education and treatment

A. The cooperative undertakes to increase the

awareness and education of its member-employee the
adverse effect of dangerous drugs thru continous
advocacy, education and training program.
PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
B. Members-employees are required to undergo an
orientation/education program before assumption of
their respective duties and some of the topics are
salient features of RA 9165, ADVERSE effects of.
C. Abuse and/or Misuse of dangerous drugs on the
person, workplace, family and the community
preventive measures against drug abuse or other
related concerns
Programs and POLICIES
✔ D. To encourage all member-employees to lead a
heathy lifestyle
while at work and at home. the cooperative indertakes
activities like lifestyle assessment program on health and
nutrition, weight management,,stress management,
alcohol abuse, smoking cessation, and other indicators
of risk disease, health wellness screening, sports, and
fun games activities.
PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
4. ROLE, RIGHTS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES
A. The Cooperative shall ensure
that the workplace policies and
programs in the prevention and
control of dangerous drugs
including drug testing shall be
disseminated to all.
 B. The cooperative
Programs and policies
shall maintain the
confidentiality of all
information relating
to drug test or to
the identification of
drug users in the
workplace.
PROGRAMS AND
SERVICES FOR NURSING
MOTHER
PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
PROGRAMS AND SERVICES FOR
NURSING MOTHER

✔According to Section 12 of the law:

“Nursing employees shall be granted break
intervals in addition to the regular time-off
for meals to breastfeed or express milk”.
These break intervals are counted as
compensable hours worked.
RA 10028

✔ or the Expanded Exclusive Breastfeeding in the

Workplace Law
✔ otherwise known as "An act providing incentives to
all government and private health institutions with
rooming-in and breastfeeding practices and for other
purposes"
WORKPLACE
BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT
POLICY
✔PURPOSE: To established
guidelines for creating and
promoting a work environment at
workplace.
WORKPLACE BREASTFEEDING
SUPPORT POLICY

✔ POLICY: Recognises that breastmilk is the

optimal food for growth and development of
infants and saves money in the short and long
term. We encourage employees and
management to have a POSITIVE, ACCEPTING
ATTITUDE toward working women who are
expresing breastmilk or breastfeeding their
WORKPLACE BREASTFEEDING
SUPPORT POLICY

✔The employer must support the

employees who are expressing
breastmilk or breastfeeding their
nursing child when they return to
work.
It shall be the policy of EVERY
COMPANY TO provide:
1. Time to express
milk milk or
breastfeed
It shall be the policy of EVERY
COMPANY TO provide:
✔2. A Place to
express milk or
breastfeed
( lactation room)
THE LACTATION ROOM
WILL BE:
✔ PRIVATE
✔ EQUIPPED WITH AN
ELECTRICAL OUTLET
✔ IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE
EMPLOYEES WORK WHEN
POSSIBLE
✔ FURNISHED WITH
COMFORTABLE SEATING
ATMOSPHERE OF
TOLERANCE
✔ 3. Discrimination and
harassment of
employees that are
expressing milk or
breastfeeding their
nursing child in any form
is unaceptable and will
not be tolerated.
4. COMMUNICATION
✔ INFORMATION ABOUT
✔ THIS POLICY SHALL BE BREASTFFEDING
COMMUNICATED TO SUPPORT AFTER
EVERY INCOMING AND RETURNING TO WORK
CURRENT EMPLOYEE SHALL BE PROVIDED
AND PLACED IN THE TO EMPLOYEES PRIOR
EMPLOYEE TO THEIR MATERNITY
HANDBOOK. LEAVE
You can use communication skills
to:
 Listen and learn about  Offer information.
the woman’s beliefs, level
 Suggest changes the
of knowledge and her
practices. woman could consider
✔ Build her confidence and if changes are needed.
praise practices that you
want to encourage.
PRESENTED BY: EMJanubas