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Introduction

ANALYSIS OF
MEMBERS
ELECTRICAL
Kirchhoff’s Law
CO
NETWORK
FRANCIS
GOYAGOY
O
GUERRER Kirchhoff’s
Current Law JACULBA
JAVIER Law

Examples

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Electrical Network

Introduction An electrical network is another type of network

where analysis is commonly applied. An analysis of such a
system uses two properties of electrical networks known as
Kirchhoff’s Laws.
Kirchhoff’s Law
1. All the current flowing into a junction must flow out of it.

2. The sum of the products IR (I is current and R is

Current Law resistance) around a closed path is equal to the total
voltage in the path.

Examples

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Electrical Network
Introduction
In an electrical network, current is measured in amperes,
or amps (A), resistance is measured in ohms (Ω, the Greek
letter omega), and the product of current and resistance is
Kirchhoff’s Law measured in volts (V). The symbol represents a battery.
The larger vertical bar denotes where the current flows out of
the terminal. The symbol denotes resistance. An arrow
in the branch shows the direction of the current.
Current Law

Examples

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In 1845, a German physicist,

Introduction
Gustav Kirchhoff developed a pair or
set of rules or laws which deal with the
conservation of current and energy
within electrical circuits. These two
Kirchhoff’s Law
rules are commonly known as:
Kirchhoff’s Circuit Laws with one of
Kirchhoff’s laws dealing with the
Current Law
current flowing around a closed circuit,
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL), while
the other law, deals with the voltage
sources present in a closed circuit,
Examples Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL).

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Introduction Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) or Junction Rule, states

that the “total current or charge entering a junction or node is
exactly equal to the charge leaving the node as it has no other
Kirchhoff’s Law
place to go except to leave, as no charge is lost within the node.”
In other words, the algebraic sum of ALL the currents entering
and leaving a node must be equal to zero, I(exiting) +
I(entering) = 0. This idea by Kirchhoff is commonly known as the
Current Law
Conservation of Charge.

Examples

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Kirchhoff’s Current Law
Introduction
Here, the three currents entering
the node, I1, I2, I3 are all positive in
value and the two currents leaving the
Kirchhoff’s Law  and I  are negative in value.
node, I 4 5
Then this means we can also rewrite
the equation as;
Current Law
I1 + I2 + I3 = I4 + I5

Examples I1 + I2 + I3 + (– I4 – I5) = 0

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Introduction Kirchhoff’s Current Law

The term Node in an electrical circuit generally refers to a

connection or junction of two or more current carrying paths or
Kirchhoff’s Law elements such as cables and components. Also, for current to
flow either in or out of a node a closed- circuit path must exist.
We can use Kirchhoff’s current law when analyzing parallel
circuits.
Current Law

Examples

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Circuit Terminologies
• Circuit – a circuit is a closed loop conducting path in which an electrical-current
flows.
Introduction
• Path – a single line of connecting elements or sources.
• Branch – a branch is a single or group of components such as resistors or a source
which are connected between two nodes.
• Loop – Law
Kirchhoff’s a loop is a simple closed path in a circuit in which no circuit element or node
is encountered more than once.
• Mesh – a mesh is a single closed loop series path that does not contain any other
paths. There are no loops inside a mesh.
• Node
Current Law– a node is a junction, connection or terminal within a circuit were, two or
more circuit elements are connected or joined together giving a connection point
between two or more branches. A node is indicated by a dot.
• Junction - a junction is a type of a node that has at least three connecting
Examples
elements.
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Circuit Terminologies

Introduction

Kirchhoff’s Law

Current Law Figure 1. Parts of a typical DC Figure 2: Difference between

circuit Nodes and Junction

Examples

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Introduction
Applications of Kirchhoff’s Law
The applications include:
• They can be used to analyze any electrical circuit.
Kirchhoff’s Law • Computation of current and voltage of complex circuits.

Advantages of Kirchhoff’s Law

Current Law The advantages are:
• Calculation of unknown currents and voltages is easy.
• Simplification and analysis of complex closed loop
Examples
circuits becomes manageable.

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Introduction
Limitations of Kirchhoff’s Law
The limitation of Kirchhoff’s both laws is that it works
under the assumption that there is no fluctuating magnetic
Kirchhoff’s Law field in the closed loop. Electric fields and emf could be

induced which causes the Kirchhoff’s loop rule to break in

presence of a variable magnetic field.
Current Law

Examples

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Example 1:
Introduction

+ + + =0
Kirchhoff’s Law + + + =0
5 + 4 + (-3) + = 0
Current Law = -5 + (-4) + 3
= -6A
Examples

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Example 2:
Introduction

Kirchhoff’s Law

+ + + + + + + =0
Current Law
(-8) + 4 + 5 + (-6) + (-2) + 7 + 8 + = 0
= 8 + (-4) + (-5) + 6 + 2 + (-7) + (-8)
Examples = -24A
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Example 3:
Introduction

+ + (- = 0
Kirchhoff’s Law = +
= 8 + 24
Current Law = 32A

Examples

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Example 4:
Introduction
3- -4=0
+4=3
Kirchhoff’s Law
2-2-4=0
4 + 2= 2
Current Law
3-3+2-2=0
3-2=1
Examples

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Example 4:
Introduction
+4 =3
4+2=2
Kirchhoff’s Law 3 -2=1

Current Law

Examples

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Example 4:
Introduction
=2-2 Dependent Solution if:
= - = 1 amp = 2 amp
Kirchhoff’s Law
=0 = - amp
= 1 amp = amp
=3
= +
Current Law

SOLUTION IS DEPENDENT, CONSISTENT

Examples

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Introduction

Kirchhoff’s Law

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Current Law

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References:
https://www.electronics tutorials.ws/dccircuits/dcp_4.html

https://byjus.com/physics/kirchhoffs-law/

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/dccircuits/kirchhoffs-curre
nt-law.html#:~:text=Gustav%20Kirchhoff's%20Current%20Law
%20is,as%20no%20charge%20is%20lost
.

Larson, R., & Falvo, D. C. (2008, July 3). Elementary Linear

Algebra (6th ed.). Brooks Cole.