Technical report writing

in computer science
Mr. Mezgebe A.
Mezgebe.samara03@gmail.com

02/04/2023 1
 CHAPTER FOUR
Chapter Outline
• Projects and Its Guidelines
General procedure
Project proposal format.
Project final report
Checklist for your technical report.
02/04/2023 2
 General procedure of project
• This section describes general guidelines for the
project, including the required proposal, topics,
advisors, deadlines, associated courses, etc. . . .
• This list is intended to guide students in their search
for an advisor whose interests overlap with those of
the student.
 Project Proposal
• The project proposal is the background and planning
document for the project. It must be the product of the
student’s own original thought and effort.
• The project proposal is written by the student and must be
approved by his/her advisor and by the CS department before
the student enrolls in the project course.
• It should be initiated by the first half of the semester prior to
the semester in which the project is done, and even earlier for
some advisors.
• Completed proposals are submitted to the CS department and
reviewed for approval by the Computer Science committee.
 Proposal Deadlines

• Project must be submitted at the end of second

semester for the final year students. If approved, the
project is then implemented under the guidance of
the advisor.
Submission Procedures
• A hard copy of the proposal, with a signed cover
sheet of this document, is submitted to the CS
department for approval.
 Remarks
• The student must obtain prior approval from the expected
project advisor for a project to be done.
DEPARTMENT ACTION ON PROPOSAL
• The CS Department response to the submitted proposal will be
POSTED.
• The possible Department responses are:
• ACCEPTED: the student may start work on the project, but
should contact the advisor for comments and an advisement
schedule; CONDITIONALLY ACCEPTED.
• REJECTED: the proposal is unacceptable
 Project Topics
• Project topics vary greatly. Normally a topic is
suggested by an advisor.
• A student may propose a topic to the advisor, and in
any case the student should have some input into the
choice of topic.
• Nevertheless, an advisor has every right to refuse to
supervise a project on a student-generated topic.
• Projects are expected to be considered, designed,
and executed at a graduate level of sophistication.
 Cont.
• Some students may elect to do original research papers in
such areas as:
 computer systems,
 communications and networking,
 software engineering,
 data and knowledge engineering,
 artificial intelligence,
 graphics and image processing,
 information and decision support systems, … etc
 Project proposal
• A proposal is a document written to persuade readers that
what is proposed will benefit them by solving a problem or
fulfilling a need.
• Therefore, when you write a proposal you:
 must convince readers accept what you are proposing,
 must convince that it is practical and appropriate, and
 you are the right person or organization to provide the
proposed product or service.
 Project proposal format
i. Title Page
ii. Approval Page
iii. Declaration of originality
iv. Acknowledgments
v. Abstract
vi. Table of Contents
 Cont.
• Chapter 1. Introduction and Its Background
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
 Cont.
• Chapter 2. Theoretical Framework and Related
Studies
2.1 Related Literature
2.2 Related Studies
2.3 Conceptual Framework/ Research Paradigm
2.4 Hypothesis
2.5 Definition of Terms (sometimes part of Chapter 1)
 Cont.
• Chapter 3. Methodology
 
Non Technical Technical/ Experimental
3.1 Method of Research Technical/ Experimental Design
3.2 Sources of Data Materials and Methods
3.3 Sampling Techniques  
3.4 Data-gathering Procedures  
3.5 Research Instruments  
3.6 Validity of Instruments  
3.7 Statistical Treatment of Data Data Statistical Treatment
3.8 Decision Criteria Decision Criteria
 Cont.
• Project Timetable (Time break down)
• Budgetary Outlay (Cost break down)
(Gantt Chart)
Edraw max
• Proponent’s Curriculum Vitae
 Project final report

• Check with your advisor for modifications

appropriate to your project.
• Submit the documentation, one copy to your advisor,
and one copy, with the title page and signed approval
page, to the department.
• Please note the following:
 Cont.
1. The report should be printed on one side of the page, double-
spaced, with wide margins.
2. Your report must be complete when you submit it for
acceptance. Pay particular attention to include:
 Title page
 Faculty Advisor approval page
 Contents page
 Abstract page
 Text
 Bibliography
 Cont.
3) Number each sheet consecutively at the bottom of
the page.
4) Headings: Chapter titles start on a new page.
Chapter numerals should be Arabic, not Roman
numerals.
5) Abstract: A brief abstract should be included before
the beginning of the text.
 Cont..
6) Appendixes should be used carefully and should be placed at
the bottom of the page in which they are referenced.
7) All tables and figures should be centered in the column on the
paper.
8) You must have the signature of your project advisor on the
faculty approval page.
Checklist for your technical report
Chapter 1 Checklist :
• Check that the following elements are present in
Chapter 1 of the manuscript.
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 1.1 Introduction

 Rationale of the Study

 Historical Background of the Problem
 The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a left problem
that needs a solution
 A desire to find a deeper and clearer understanding of a
situation, circumstances, or phenomenon
 Cont..
 A desire to find a better way of doing something or of
improving a product/ system
 A desire to discover something
 Geographical condition of the study locate
 Presentation of the problem
 A link between the introduction and the statement of the
problem
 1.2 Statement of the Problem

Specified what the researcher is trying to find or

discover
Clear
Adequate
Precise
Major problem
Sub problems
 1.3 Objectives of the Study

General objective
Specific objective
1.4 Significance of the Study
Value to (mention the sector that will be benefiting
from the Study)
Value to the researcher
Impact to the field specialization
 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

Sets the parameters that should be included and may

specify what are excluded
Range, how much, limits of applicability of what you
have done
Chapter 2 Checklist
Chapter 2
Theoretical Framework and Related Literature
2.1 Related Literature / Studies
 Per topic
2.2 Conceptual Framework/ Research Paradigm
 Research Paradigm
 Discussion of the paradigm
 Theoretical Framework justifies the rationale of the study
 Cites the theory/ies on which the study is premised in order to establish
the relationship among the variables of the study
 Presentation of the paradigm to explain how the theory is/are going to be
operationalized in the study
 2.3 Hypothesis
Test of hypothesis
2.4 Definition of Terms
Operational definition
Words to be defined will be underlined
Arrange the terms alphabetically
Brief introduction for terms that are contextually or
operationally defined
Spell out acronyms and abbreviations
 Chapter 3 Checklist
Chapter 3
Methodology
Non-technical Technical/ Experimental
3.1Method of Research Use 3.1Technical / Experimental Design
Descriptive Flow Diagram/ Flow Chart
Historical  
Experimental
Documentary
Aspects of the study in the use of approaches
Discuss only the employed method of research

3.2 Sources of Data 3.2 Materials and Methods

Primary source such as persons, organized Procedures
groups, school, government, etc. Instruments used
Secondary source such as books, articles List o Materials
published in journals, unpublished writer’s
thesis and dissertations, etc.
3.2 Sources of Data 3.2 Materials and Methods
Primary source such as persons, organized groups, school, Procedures
government, etc. Instruments used
Secondary source such as books, articles published in journals, List o Materials
unpublished writer’s thesis and dissertations, etc.
3.3 Sampling Techniques 3.3 Treatment of Data
Random Equations used
Purposive Mathematical Models
Stratified
Cluster
Incidental
3.4 Data Gathering Procedure 3.4 Decision Criteria (if applicable)
Clerical tools such as questionnaire method interviews,
experimental method, etc.
Mechanical devices such as microscope, cameras,
thermometers, etc.
3.5 Research Instruments  
Questionnaire
Interview
Opinionnaire
Norms and Standards
Attitude Scales
Observations
Documents
Personality Test
3.6 Validity of Instruments  
Pretest (dry run)
By Expertise
3.7 Statistical Treatment of Data  
Descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency and
variability, coefficient of correlation, etc.
Inferential statistics such as Parametric and Non-parametic
tests
 Chapter 4 Checklist 
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis And Interpretation

• PRESENTATION OF SUB PROBLEM NO. 1

Tabulated data
Analysis
Interpretation
(Same pattern up to the last sub problem)
 Chapter 5 Checklist 
Chapter 5
Summary Of Findings, Conclusions And
Recommendations
• The data are adequate, valid and reliable
• Data are analyzed carefully and correctly treated
statistically
• Data are interpreted correctly and adequately
 5.2 CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions are based upon the findings

Answer the specific and general problems
Concise
Clear
Limited only to the subject of the study
 5.3 RECOMMENDATION
Based upon the findings and conclusions
Feasible, practical, attainable
Action-oriented
Limited only to the subject of the study but
recommended further research of the same subject
(Same pattern shall be observed on all sub problems.
Where needed, implications of the study should be
involved.)
THANK YOU !!!

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