ACCIDENT STUDIES

PRESENTED BY:
ISHAN DAS(CEB20088)
KIME LUCY(CEB20069)
KHODA TANIA(CEB20076)
DAYIR CHIRAM(CEB20080)
HARSHIT AGARWALLA(CEB20048)
MONALISA ROY BORUAH(CEB20086)
AKIB JAHANGIR CHOUDHURY(CEB20084)
 INTRODUCTION

 The problem of accidents is very acute in highway transportation due to the complex flow
pattern of vehicular traffic, and the presence of mixed traffic along with pedestrians.

 The traffic engineers have to undertake a big responsibility of providing safe tra ffic movements
to the road users and ensure their safety.

 Road accidents cannot be totally prevented but by suitable traffic engineering and management,
the accident rate can be reduced to a certain extent.

 For this reason systematic study of traffic accidents is required to be carried out.

 Proper investigation of the cause of the accident will help to propose preventive measures in
terms of design and control
OBJECTIVES OF ACCIDENT STUDIES

 To study the causes of accidents and suggest corrective measures at potential location.

 To evaluate existing design.

 To compute the financial losses incurred.

 To support the proposed design and provide economic justification to the improvement
suggested by the traffic engineer.

 To carry out before and after studies and to demonstrate the improvement in the problem
 WHAT IS ACCIDENT?

A collision involving at least one moving transportation vehicle and other vehicle/object
or
Any unplanned event that interrupts the completion of an activity and has the potential to
include injury, illness, or property damage
 CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENT

ROAD ROAD DOMAIN

VEHICLE
USERS DESIGN FACTORS
ROAD USERS

Road users include the accidents caused due to the fault of the drivers and
pedestrians; faults like-
 Driving over or under the speed limit and rash driving,
 Violation of traffic rules,
 Failure to perceive traffic situation or sign or signal in adequate time,
Carelessness of both driver and pedestrian,
 Drunk driving,
 Drowsy driving causes almost 2.4% of all fatal accidents.
ROAD DESIGN

 Defective geometric design like inadequate sight distance,

 Inadequate width of shoulders and confusing roads,

 Improper curve design and grading,

 Roads that are too wide or too narrow,

 Improper traffic control devices and

 Inadequate signage, lighting, or markings.

 VEHICLES

 Defects such as failure of brakes or defective ABS,

 Broken steering system,
 Tyre burst or uneven tyre pressures,
 Poor lighting system at night.
DOMAIN OR ENVIRONMETAL FACTORS

Unfavorable weather conditions like-

 Mist, snow, smoke, and heavy rainfall which restrict normal visibility and make
driving unsafe,
 Also weather conditions like rain and snow can cause slippery roads resulting in
low traction,
Other causes -improper location of advertisement boards, the gate
of level crossing not closed when required, etc.
 TYPE OF VEHICLE ACCIDENTS

REAR END COLLISION SIDE IMPACT COLLISION SIDE SWIPE COLLISION

A rear-end collision occurs when a
vehicle crashes into the one in front
of it.
A side collision is a vehicle crash
where the side of one or more
vehicles is impacted. These crashes
typically occur at intersections or
in parking lots.
Sideswipe accidents occur when the
sides of two vehicles which are
traveling in the same or opposite
direction make impact.
 TYPE OF VEHICLE ACCIDENTS

HEAD ON COLLISION SINGLE VEHICLE ROLLOVER COLLISION

ACCIDENT

A traffic collision where the front
ends of two vehicles hit each other
when travelling in opposite
directions.
When a single road vehicle has a
collision without involving any
other vehicle.
Vehicle crashes where a vehicle
tips over onto its side or roof.
Rollovers have a higher fatality
rate than other types of vehicle
collisions.
 TYPE OF VEHICLE ACCIDENTS

MULTI-VEHICLE BLIND SPOT ACCIDENTS MERGING ACCIDENTS

ACCIDENTS

A multi-vehicle accident is a road
traffic collision involving many
vehicles
When one or multiple drivers
changes direction while driving,
fail to notice another vehicle in
their blind spot, and collide with
the other vehicle on the road.
Merging accidents frequently
involve two main types of
collisions: sideswipes and rear-end
accidents.
 ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION

 The accident data collection is the first step in the accident study.
 The data collection of the accidents is primarily done by the police.
 Motorist accident reports are secondary data that are filed by motorists themselves.
 The data to be collected should comprise all of these parameters:
1. General - Date, time, the person involved in the accident, classification of
an accident like fatal, serious, minor
2. Location - Description and detail of the location of the accident
 ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION

1. Details of vehicle involved - Registration number, description of the vehicle, loading

detail, vehicular defects
2. Nature of accident - Details of collision, damages, injury, and casualty,
3. Road and traffic condition – Details of road geometry, surface characteristics, type of
traffic, traffic density etc..
4. The Primary causes of accidents - Details of various possible cases (already
mentioned) which are the main causes of accidents.
5. Accident cost - Financial losses incurred due to property damage, personal injury, and
casualty
USES OF ACCIDENT DATA

 Identification of location of points at which unusually high number of accident occur.

 Detailed functional evaluation of critical accident location to identify the causes of
accidents.
 Development of procedure that allows identification of hazards before large number of
accidents occurs.
 Development of different statistical measures of various accident related factors to give
insight into general trends, common casual factors, driver profiles, etc.
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

 Reporting: It involves basic data collection.

 At Scene-Investigation: It involves obtaining information at the scene.
 Technical Preparation: This data is needed for organization and interpretation.
 Professional Reconstruction: It is to determine how the accident occurs.
 Cause Analysis: It is to determine why the accident occurs.
 SAFETY MEASURES

 Drive at the prescribed speed limits on the various roads.

 Always put on helmets, seat belts, and other safety equipment before driving a bicycle/
motorcycle/vehicle.
 Do not drive for long hours in a stretch. Have a proper break after every 2 hours of continuous
driving.
 Know the traffic signs, signals, lights, and safety rules before hitting the road.
 Do not drink and drive.
 Never use mobile phones or earphones while driving.
 CONCLUSION
In this project, we have shown how important is to study accident and highway safety. Also, we have
tried to inculcate what a traffic engineer does from field studies, planning and design; to provide
safety to each one of the road users. We also tried to insight into how and where analysis of traffic
accidents can be done from the viewpoint to reduce it by designing proper safety measures.
THANK YOU