Interpretation of Magnetic Data (Bishop Model)

Using Total Horizontal Derivative and Tilt

Derivative
Andy Rachmadan
g202208460
Outline
1. The type of potential method interpretation
2. Data enhancement
3. Derivative Methods
4. Application data enhancement in the Bishop model
• Total Horizontal Derivative Method
• Tilt Derivative Method
5. Comparing RTP enhancement with the basement structure
6. Conclusion
The type of potential method interpretation
1. Qualitative
• This is an important stage in interpreting the anomalies and how they relate
spatially to known geology as well as other geophysical anomalies and
structure.
• The product of this interpretation is a structure interpretation map
2. Quantitative
• We can get information about the depth of the structure, which in the
qualitative interpretation only provides spatial (x, y) relationships.
Data Enhancement
• To make interpretation easier, we apply the enhancement to our data.
• This is the first stage in identifying and mapping specific spectral
content features that will assist in defining sub-surface structure.
• This can take the shape of 2d linear features connected to geological
contacts and faults or 3d isolated bodies.
• A better understanding of the sub-surface geology and structure can
be developed by correlating the features with other geophysical and
geological data
Data Enhancement
Data enhancement is done by combining three processing methods:
• Transforms (RTP, RTE, Upward and Downward Cont)
• Filters (Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, etc)
• Derivatives
Derivative methods are very good at identifying the edges of causative
bodies, which is important in qualitative interpretation to establish a
structural map of a research region.
Derivative Methods
• Amplitude Derivatives
• Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR)
• First Vertical Derivative (VDR)
• Second Vertical Derivative (SVDR)
• Analytic Signal (AS)

• Phase Derivatives
• Local Phase (θ)
• Tilt Derivative
Amplitude Derivative
• Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR)

• It measures the full horizontal gradient.

• The gradients are always positive, so it is easy to plot in map
form.
• The main benefit is the usability and stability in the presence of
noise
 Amplitude Derivative
• For gravity anomaly, the
maxima will lie close to the
upper boundary of the
structure
• For magnetic anomaly (TMI),
due to the complexity of the
anomaly, the TMI needs first
to be transformed to RTP.
• So the THDR of RTP will make
mapping of the edges of the
structure easy.
After Fairhead, 2015
Phase Derivative
• Tilt Derivative

Where :
• TDR = Tilt Derivative (rad/degree)
• VDR = Vertical derivative of gravity or RTP
• THDR = Total Horizontal Derivative of gravity or RTP
Tilt Derivative
• The advantages of the TDR:
• Tilt is not dependent on inclination
• It is independent of magnetization
• The sign of the tilt anomaly is controlled by the VDR since THDR is always
positive.
• By following the zero-value contour lines, the tilt derivatives map
provides an indication of the structure location.
The 3D Bishop Model Enhancement
• William, Fairhead, and Flanagan (2002-2005) introduced a 3D
geological test model known as the simple and complex Bishop
model.
• The test model is important because the structures and depths are
precisely known, allowing for a reliable cross-check on the validity
and accuracy of the derivative and interpretation methods being
used.
 The RTP Map of Bishop Model
TMI anomalies have complexity due to
magnetization being a vector, it needs to be
transformed the data to RTP so that the inducing
field is vertical and generates symmetrical
magnetic anomalies over the source structure.
Lineaments Analysis
• Sediments have a minor impact on magnetic data compared to
volcanic and basement rocks.
• Only minerals found shallower than the Curie isotherm may have an
impact on the magnetic field.
• In order to map lineaments and basement structural changes more
accurately, magnetic data has a clear advantage over gravity data.
Lineaments Analysis
• In this study, lineaments analysis was done on the combination of two
derivatives of the RTP magnetic data.
• Total Horizontal Derivative
The edges of the structure are defined by the two peaks of the anomaly.
• Tilt Derivative
The edges of the structure are clearly defined by the tilt derivative's zero contour.
 THDR Ridge Grid 1

Amplitude Derivative
Total Horizontal Derivative

Bishop Model RTP

THDR Ridge Grid 2

According to Blake and Simpson, N = 2 or 3 produced the best

maps in terms of 2d lineaments.
 Phase Derivative
Tilt Derivative

Bishop Model RTP Tilt Derivative Tilt Derivative > 0

A version of the RTP Bishop model that eliminates negative values.

Edges and positive susceptibility bodies can now be seen clearly.
 Lineament Analysis
• The THDR Maxima and the tilt zero contour are used to locate and follow the
lineaments.

• The zero contour line and the THDR dots are aligned in the majority of
locations, but there are many places where they are not. The fault is only
present where the zero contour overlies the strongly positive derivative
anomalies.
Lineament Analysis
THDR of RTP (N=2) THDR of RTP (N=2) + Tilt Zero Contour
and Coincide location of THDR and Tilt Lineaments
+ Tilt Zero Contour

= Zero contour
= THDR Maxima
= Fault interpretation where The zero
contour line and the THDR dots coincide.
Lineament Analysis THDR (N=2)
Lineaments
THDR

RTP

Tilt Tilt (0 contour)

Comparing RTP enhancement with the Bishop Model
basement structure
Lineaments Interpretation of RTP Bishop Model Basement Morphology of Bishop Model
Conclusion
• THDR can define the edges of the structure from the peaks of the
anomaly.
• The tilt derivatives map provides an indication of the structure
location by following the zero-value contour lines.
• Data Enhancement using derivative methods for magnetic data is very
useful in mapping lineaments and basement structure
• The test model is important because the structures and depths are
precisely known, enabling a reliable cross-check on the validity and
accuracy of the derivative and interpretation methods being used.