Sports Injuries:

STRAINS
SYMPTOMS | CAUSES | PREVENTION |
TREATMENT
Table of contents

STRAINS: TYPES
01 & CAUSES 02 SYMPTOMS

03 PREVENTION
04 TREATMENT
01 | What is a strain?
Strains is when a muscle is stretched too much and
tears. It results from damage to a muscle from
excessive physical activity.

• Strains are also known as Pulled Muscles

01 | Common Causes of Strains
Overtraining
Excessive use of muscle can wear
down the muscle and cause injuries
Not warming up
Skipping warmups before and
physical activity makes you body
more susceptible to sprained muscles,
cramps, and other injuries.
Deconditioning
Improper mental conditioning before the
activity can lead to nervousness and
anxiety leading to impulsive decision-
making
Direct impact
A direct hit on the muscle can
damage or tear the muscle
Improper form
Improper form or poor posture causes
muscles to need to work harder in
order to contract
Excess force
Too much physical activity or
effort applied on the muscle.
01 | Types of Strains
Longitudinal and
Lateral strain
Change in the length to the
original length of an object.
Volumetric Strain Shear Strain
The change in volume Shear strain occurs when a
divided by the original sideways force is exerted on a
volume. Over usage of medium.
muscle wears down.
02 | SYMPTOMS

Pain Discolored Skin

Patient experiences pain or Bruises or other telltale signs
difficulty when moving the may appear
muscle

Swelling Muscle Spasm

Noticeable bumps or Affected muscles may
numbness could be seen on uncontrolably contract
the affected area
03 | PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES
Build a strong
frame
Keep your muscles strong and
flexible. A strong and healthy body
will open a variety of task for you
to undertake.
Check-ups
Get physical check-ups
before engaging in physical
activities. Knowing one’s
body is key to prevention.
Do warm-ups
Doing warm-ups increases your heart
rate and therefore your blood flow.
This enables more oxygen to reach
your muscles.
04 | TREATMENT OF INJURIES
1. Apply ice right away to reduce swelling.
Wrap the ice in cloth. Do not place ice
directly on the skin. Apply ice for 10 to 15
minutes every 1 hour for the first day and
every 3 to 4 hours after that.
2. Use ice for the first 3 days. After 3 days,
either heat or ice may be helpful if you
still have pain.
3. Rest the pulled muscle for at least a day. If
possible, keep the pulled muscle raised
above your heart.
4. Try not to use a strained muscle while it is
still painful. When the pain starts to go
away, you can slowly increase activity by
gently stretching the injured muscle.
04 | Professional Treatment

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your local emergency number, such as 911, if:

• You are unable to move the muscle.

• The injury is bleeding.

Call your health care provider if the pain does not go

away after several weeks.
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?

Members:
- Arphil Resurreccion
- Christian Sinugbojan
- Kurt Soyme
- Nathalie Ronda
- Tenshi Balbuena