The Digestive

System

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 At the end of the discussion,
you should be able to:
◇ Identify and describe the organs of the digestive
system.
◇ Identify the overall function of the digestive system
as digestion and absorption of foodstuffs, and
describe the general activities of each digestive
system organ.
◇ List and describe the six main activities of the
digestive system.
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 Anatomy of the
Digestive System
 Digestive System

Alimentary Accessory
Canal Organs
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 Alimentary
Canal

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 Mouth
◇Also called as the oral
cavity, a mucous
membrane–lined cavity.

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 Anatomy of the Mouth

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 Pharynx
◇ Pharynx is subdivided into 3 parts:
￭ Nasopharynx
￭ Oropharynx
￭ Laryngopharynx

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 Esophagus
◇ Runs from the pharynx through
the diaphragm
to the stomach.

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 4 Tissue Layers that Walls from
Esophagus to Large Intestine

A
L C
I A
M N
E A
N L
T
A W
R A
Y L
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L
 Stomach
◇The C-shaped stomach is
located on the left side of the
abdominal cavity, nearly
hidden by the liver and
diaphragm.

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 Anatomy of the Stomach

Stomach

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 Structure of the Stomach Mucosa

Stomach

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 Small Intestine
◇The body’s major digestive
organ.
◇3 sub-divisions:
￭ Duodenum
￭ Jejunum
￭ Ileum

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 Structural Modifications of the
Small Intestine

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 Sub-divisions of
Small Intestine

1. Duodenum

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 The Duodenum of the Small Intestine
and Related Organs

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 Sub-divisions of
Small Intestine

2. Jejenum

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 Sub-divisions of
Small Intestine

3. Ileum

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 Anatomy of the Stomach

Stomach

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 Large Intestine
◇ Major functions are to dry out the
indigestible food residue by
absorbing water and to eliminate
these residues from the body as
feces.
◇ Sub-divisions: cecum, appendix,
colon, rectum, and anal canal.

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 The Large Intestine

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 Anus
◇ Anus has two valves:
￭ External anal sphincter
- composed of skeletal muscle,
is voluntary
￭ Internal anal sphincter
-formed by smooth muscle, is
involuntary

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 Accessory Digestive
Organs

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 Teeth
◇Tear and grind the food,
breaking it down into smaller
fragments.
◇By the age of 21, two sets of
teeth have been formed.
￭ Deciduous teeth
￭ Permanent teeth

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 Deciduous Teeth

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 Permanent Teeth

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 Salivary Glands
• 3 pairs of Salivary Glands
￭ parotid
￭ submandibular
￭ sublingual
• The product of salivary glands
is saliva, is a mixture of mucus
and serous fluids.
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 Pancreas
◇ A soft, pink, triangular gland that
extends across the abdomen from
the spleen to the duodenum.

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 Liver
◇ The largest gland in the body.
◇ Function: Bile production

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 Gall Bladder
◇Is a small, thin-walled green
sac that snuggles in a shallow
fossa in the inferior surface of
the liver

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 Function of the
Digestive System
 Gastrointestinal Processes

Mecha-
Propul- nical Diges- Absorp- Defeca-
Ingestion sion Break- tion tion
tion
down

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 Movements of the Digestive Tract

Peristalsis Segmentation
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 Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydra

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 Digestion and Absorption of
Proteins

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 Digestion and Absorption of
Fats

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 Schematic Summary
of Gastrointestinal
Tract Activities

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 Any
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Questions?
THANK YOU!