ADVANCED MAPPING

TECHNIQUES
 THEMATIC MAPS
 A thematic map is also called a special-purpose,
single-topic, or statistical map. A thematic map
focuses on the spatial variability of a specific
distribution or theme (such as population density
or average annual income), whereas a reference
map focuses on the location and names of
features.
TYPES OF INFO THEMATIC
MAPS GIVE
 Qualitative map data is in the form of a quality and
expresses the presence or absence of the subject on a
map, like the kind of vegetation present occupying a
region. Quantitative map data is expressed as a
numerical value, like elevation in meters, or
temperature is degrees Celsius.

 Quantitative map data is expressed as a numerical

value, like elevation in meters, or temperature is
degrees Celsius. There are many different kinds of
maps that serve quite different purposes.
TYPES OF THEMATIC
MAPS
 Dot maps

 Choropleth maps

 Isopleths maps

 Proportional symbol maps

 DOT MAPS
 A dot distribution map is a type of thematic
map that uses a point symbol to visualize the
geographic distribution of a large number of
related phenomena. Dot maps are a type of
unit visualizations that rely on a visual scatter
to show spatial patterns, especially variances
in density. 
 CHOROPLETHS MAP
 A choropleth map is a type of statistical
thematic map that uses pseudo color, i.e.,
color corresponding with an aggregate
summary of a geographic characteristic within
spatial enumeration units, such as population
density or per-capita income
ISOPLETHS MAP
 A contour map is a map illustrated with
contour lines, for example a topographic
map, which thus shows valleys and hills,
and the steepness or gentleness of
slopes. The contour interval of a contour
map is the difference in elevation
between successive contour lines.
PROPORTIONAL SYMBOL MAPS

 Proportional symbol maps scale the size

of simple symbols (usually a circle or
square) proportionally to the data value
found at that location. They are a simple
concept to grasp: The larger the symbol,
the “more” of something exists at a
location.
TYPES OF GRAPHS
Line graphs
Bar graphs
Population pyramid graphs
Composite bar graphs
Pie graphs
Compound graphs
LINE GRAPHS
Line graphs show how data changes
over time or space. The x-axis
shows time or distance. A line chart
could be used to show the changes in
a country's employment structure
over time. In all line graphs, you will
find an independent and
dependent variable.
BAR GRAPHS
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or
graph that presents categorical data
with rectangular bars with heights or
lengths proportional to the values
that they represent. The bars can be
plotted vertically or horizontally. A
vertical bar chart is sometimes called
a column chart.
 POPULATION PYRAMID GRAPHS
 A population pyramid often contains
continuous stacked-histogram bars, making it a
horizontal bar diagram. The population size is
shown on the x-axis (horizontal) while the age-
groups are represented on the y-axis (vertical).
 The size of each bar can be displayed either as
a percentage of the total population or as a raw
number. Males are conventionally shown on the
left and females on the right. 
COMPOSITE BAR GRAPHS

Composite bar charts are charts where

each bar displays multiple data points
stacked in a single row or column. This
may, for instance, take the form of
uniform height bars charting a time
series with internal stacked colors
indicating the percentage participation of
a sub-type of data
PIE GRAPHS
A pie chart is a circular statistical
graphic, which is divided into slices
to illustrate numerical proportion. In
a pie chart, the arc length of each
slice is proportional to the quantity it
represents.
COMPOUND GRAPHS
A compound bar chart is a graph
which combines two or more types of
information in one chart. It can also
compare different quantities. A
compound bar chart is a type of bar
chart where columns can be split into
sections to show breakdown of data.