Oral Communication

• FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
• COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS
Communication: Its art and science

Non-Verbal
Verbal
Tonality
Communication is from the word commun which means
“something in common” and ication or “understanding”

Communication is the process of sharing meaning by

using verbal and non-verbal symbols
Nature of Communication
 Communication is a process.
 Communication occurs between two or more people (the
speaker and the receiver).
 Communication can be expressed through written or spoken
words, actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal
actions at the same time.
The Elements in the Process of
Communication
Source
Message
Encoding
Channel
Decoding
Receiver Feedback
Context
Models of Communication
Shannon-Weaver Model
Transactional Model
Helical Model
Features of an Effective
Communication
 Completeness
 Conciseness
 Consideration
 Concreteness
 Courtesy
 Clearness
 Correctness
Barriers to Communication

Emotional barriers
Use of jargon
Lack of confidence
Noisy environment
Morals and Ethics in Communication

Have you ever tried telling “white lie” because

you believed that it was better than telling the truth?
Why did you do it? Was your decision ethical? Why
or Why not?
Ethics in Communication

Mutuality Individual Dignity

Accuracy Access to Information
Accountability Audience
Relative Truth Ends vs. Means
Use of Power Rights vs. Responsibilities
Intercultural Communication
 flexibility and the ability to tolerate high levels of uncertainty
 reflectiveness or mindfulness
 open-mindedness
 sensitivity
 adaptability
 ability to engage in divergent thinking (or thinking creatively) and
systems-level thinking (or thinking how each one in a system or
organization influences each other)
 Politeness
Thank you for your indulgence 