•Introduction

•Every product created in the world today—from food to clothing, from cars
to technical equipment—brings environmental pollution to the forefront.
The emergence of global warming and climate change as a result of rising
environmental pollution worldwide has encouraged nations to look for
alternate approaches to environmental problems and to develop
environmentally friendly technical techniques. Pollution reduction and
sustainable environmental management Numerous applications have shown
the benefits of using various algae species. It has frequently been centered
on the production of algae and the application of pigments in the food and
cosmetic industries. Due to their sophisticated metabolic capabilities,
microalgae have recently been actively researched for nutraceuticals,
medicines, and other bioactive chemicals that are vital for industry. This
study aims to highlight the significance of these organisms for
environmental and energy sustainability.

‫نايف فهد الجابر‬

Microalgae are produced using two different types of
systems: indoor photo bioreactors and outdoor swimming pools
The most popular and straightforward method for producing
microalgae uses outdoor pools. However, manufacturing issues
occur regularly as a result of the poor system control. Chlorella
sp., Spiriluna platensis, and Haematococcus sp. are the most
frequent species commercially generated in racetrack-type pools,
which have circular and racetrack-type patterns. Indoor photo
bioreactors perform better than outdoor swimming pools in terms
of light absorption, biomass yield, contamination risk, water loss
(evaporation), and mixing and gas transfer efficiency. But the
.expense of the investment is larger
 Dunaliella Salina
D.salina is a halophilic, green pigmented, and unicellular •
microalgae species, which usually feeds in saline
environments and have different uses in the health, food,
and energy sectors The Dunaliella group microalgae consist
of the family Polyblepharidaceae and 28 species of
Dunaliella have been identified so far. 5 of them continue
their vital activities in freshwater and 23 of them in marine
and salty water environments These algae are usually
found in natural marine habitats and are generally
.responsible for turning the color of the water to red

Dalyan Dusty Rose Lake Canada

lake, turkey

:Environmental applications: Applications in the energy sector

Sustainable and eco-friendly alternative energy sources have been
investigated recently due to the use of fossil fuels and the resulting
negative effects of CO2 and greenhouse gases on the environment. In this
situation, microalgae are prominent. Fossil fuels are currently being
replaced by a variety of energy sources, including solar, wind, geothermal,
ocean energy, and biofuels. Environmentally friendly and sustainable
,energy sources are continually being researched because, after water
•energy is a requirement that people have in high demand.
Microalgae, which may exist in both aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems and are mostly composed of carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins, have some benefits (capacity to hold solar
energy, specific compounds, adaptation to stressful conditions,
high growth rate, etc.).
•The four processes of producing biofuel from microalgae are
isolation, characterization, biomass production, and
harvesting. Currently, Dunaliella salina and other microalgae
are used as a source of raw materials for a variety of biofuels,
including the production of biogas through the
•.anaerobic decomposition of biomass and biodiesel from oil
content
Environmental applications: Food and Food Supplement
Microalgae are used as a nutritional source for both humans
and other living groups thanks to carbohydrates, proteins,
enzymes, and fibers contained in their chemical structure. In
addition to basic nutrients, they also contain vitamins A, C, B1,
B2, B6, many vitamins such as niacin, and basic elements such
.as iron, potassium, calcium, and magnesium
D. salina and other species are used as nutritional supplements,
especially in athletes' diets. They are also used as feed for
aquatic and terrestrial animals in capsule forms and in the form
of solid (food bars, cookies, etc.) and liquid (antioxidant drinks,
juices, etc.) nutrients, D. salina tablets are applied as dietary
.supplements for human health

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sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/dunaliella
sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/microalgae
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