SOLID STATE DEVICES

MINI - PROJECT
ON – WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
TO – DR RIKMANTRA BASU
BY – LAKSHAY SHARMA (211220029)
ADITYA RAJ (211220002)
 INTRODUCTION
• This circuit not only indicates the amount of water
present in the overhead tank but also gives an alarm
when the tank is full
• .As the water starts filling up, first the wire in the tank
connected to Low indication wire and the +supply are
shorted by water
• .When the water is full, the base of the transistor BC547
is pulled high by the water and
 INTRODUCTION
• this saturates the transistor, turning the buzzer on
• This closes the switch Low indication wire and turns the
LED1 ON. As the water continues to fill the tank, the
LEDs2 and 3 lights up gradually.
• When the water is empty the wires in the tank are open
circuited and the 220K resistors pulls the switch low
hence opening the switch and LEDs are OFF.
COMPONENT REQUIRED
• Transistors ( BC547)
• Led’s
• Resistors
• Battery
• Buzzer
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
• A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source.
LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many kinds of
electronics and increasingly for lighting. LEDS work by
the effect of electroluminescence.. When the diode is
forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to
recombine with holes and energy is released in the form
of light. This effect is called electroluminescence
TRANSISTOR
BC 547
A transistor is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material, with at
least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
This is a NPN Transistor.
• A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly uses to amplify or
switch electronic signals.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING
• Transistor acting as a switch Is the basic applications of this
experiment .
• Base emitter junction is forward biased and base collector
is also forward biased.
• When the BRASS strip touches the water level the base
gets the current and the led glows up and the water level is
indicated.
 WORKING

In saturation region input and base are given some voltage.

Base emitter junction is forward biased andbase collector is
also forward biased.
• When the BRASS strip touches the water level the base
gets the current and the led glows up and the water level
is indicated.
SCOPE

• Now no need to go on the roof to look the water level.

• It shows the water level in your room like 1/4 tank, 1/2
tank, 3/4 tank and full tank.
• Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank becomes full.
• Suitable for every tank.
THANK YOU