Subject Code: 104

Business Research Methods

 Unit No. 1... Foundations of Research....

 Meaning of Research....

• Research... means detailed and careful study of something to find out more
information about it.
• Research... Means to study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new
information or reach a new understanding.
• Research... is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data,
documentation of critical information, analysis and interpretation of that
data/information.
• Research ... Is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge.
• Research... is systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or
understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena.
• Research... is an activity that leads us to finding new facts, information, assisting
us in verifying the available knowledge.
• Studious inquiry or examination 
• The collecting of information about a particular subject
Careful or diligent search.
 Difference between.... Search...Research....Invention....Innovation

 Search...
• An act of looking for information in a computer database or network.
• To examine somebody / something carefully because we are looking for
something, to look for something that is missing.
• An act of trying to find somebody / something.

 Invention...
• A thing that has been made or designed by somebody for the first time.
• The action or process of making or designing something for the first time.
• Example... The microwave oven is a very useful invention.

 Innovation...
•  A new idea, method, or device , (novelty).
• A new idea or method, or the use of new ideas and methods.
• Innovation can refer to something new, such as an invention, or the practice of
developing and introducing new things.
 Definition of Research....

• Research... is careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field

of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles.
• Research ...is careful study of a given subject, field, or problem, undertaken to
discover facts or principles.
• Research... is careful and organized study or gathering of information about a
specific topic.
• Research... is defined as to track down information or gain knowledge about a
specific subject.
• Research... is Investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new
facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws.
• Research... is the careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern
or problem using scientific methods.
• Research... includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge.
• Research... is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to
increase our understanding of a topic or issue”.
 Need / Purpose / Objectives / Importance / Reasons of Business Research...

a. Business research helps to identify opportunities and threats.

b. To find answers to things that are unknown.
c. Filling gaps in knowledge and changing the way that professionals work.
d. Diagnose business diseases and problems.
e. Information gathering and/or. Exploratory: e.g. discovering, uncovering,
exploring.
f. Descriptive: e.g. gathering info, describing, summarizing.
g. Theory testing... Explanatory ... e.g. testing and understanding causal relations.
h. Predictive... e.g. predicting what might happen in various scenarios.
i. To Better Understand our Customers
j. Identifies Problem Areas
k. Beneficial in Comparative Studies.
l. Helps Design New Business Opportunities
m. Minimizes Loss
n. Builds credibility
o. Provides a clear breakdown
p. Helps to narrow our scope
q. Provides the latest information and updates
r. Retains and introduces customers
s. To help businesses grow in terms of revenue, market share and brand value.
t. To avoid mistakes in the process
u. Understand our competition in business
v. Define our objectives of business
w. Test our products / services / campaigns
x. Optimize our strategy
y. Solve problems and make decisions
z. Keep pace with the industry

Examples...a. Nestle...world leader...largest food varieties....10,000+ products...VP

b. Tata salt...Caustic soda...Iodine salt...Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi
c. Crowning Glory...Dimple kapadiaya...Hard water...More sale
d. Kellogg's Flakes...Top in the world...fail in India...Flavours / variety
e. Hindustan Uniliver....bath soap variety
 Hindustan Uniliver’ s Bath Soap’s....

a. Life buoy e. Ponds

b. Lux f. Rexona
c. Liril g. Hamam
d. Pears h. Dove

 Top Bath Soap & Key / Focus / High lights ...

• Life buoy ....Germs Protection...HUL....World’s no. 1 brand in this category...

India market share is 18% ...Family segment soap
• Santoor .... Young looking skin...Female segment...India market share is 16%
• Lux .... Beauty soap...HUL...Female segment...Beauty...Female celebrities.
• Dove .... Real beauty...Self confidence...HUL ...Female segment
• Pears .... Skin care, Gentle-innocent, Beautiful skin...Female segment...HUL
• Cinthol .... Confidence & Freshness...Godrej....India’s first Deodorant soap...
Male segment...Vind Khanna, Salman Khan
• Liril .... Lemon based freshness....HUL...Female segment
 Definition of Scientific Research method...

•  Scientific R. method... is the process of objectively establishing facts through

testing and experimentation. 
• Scientific R. method... refers to a standardized set of techniques for building
scientific knowledge.
• Scientific researches... are studies that should be systematically planned
before performing them. 
• Scientific research... aims to answer, interpret, and analyze various problems,
questions, and occurrences in virtually all scientific fields. 
• Scientific research is also called... Practical research because it involves the
real-world application of scientific findings.
• Scientific Research... is Research conducted for the purpose of contributing
towards science by the systematic collection, interpretation and evaluation of
data and that, too, in a planned manner.
•  S. Research... includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge.
• S. Research... is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to
increase our understanding of a topic or issue.
 What are the Steps in Scientific Research?... ( 10 Marks)

• Scientific method consists of the following eight Process / steps / stages /

phases :
1. Observation
2. Asking a question ( research )
3. Gathering information
4. Forming a hypothesis
5. Testing the hypothesis
6. Making conclusions
7. Reporting
8. Evaluating.

a. Observation and formulation of a question.

b. Data Collection and Hypothesis
c. Testing the hypothesis
d. Analysis and Conclusion
 Classification / Methods / Types of Scientific Research... ( 10 Marks)

• According to Data collection techniques:

a. Observational
b. Experimental
• According to Causality relationships:
a. Descriptive
b. Analytical
• According to Relationships with Time:
a. Retrospective
b. Prospective
• According to the Medium through which they are applied:
a. Clinical
b. Laboratory
 What is Hypothesis?....( 2 Marks) ...

A hypothesis is an assumption that is made based on some evidence. This is

the initial point of any investigation that translates the research questions into
predictions. It includes components like variables, population and the relation
between the variables. A research hypothesis is a hypothesis that is used to
test the relationship between two or more variables.

 What is a Scientific Research Question?...( 2 Marks)...

A research question is a question that a study or research project aims to
answer. This question often addresses an issue or a problem, which, through
analysis and interpretation of data, is answered in the study's conclusion.
 What are the Steps / Phases/ Process used in Scientific Methods of Research?

• Observe a phenomenon.
• Ask a question / start inferring.
• Form a hypothesis.
• Create an experiment.
• Collect data.
• Compare results.
• Analyze.
• Report findings.
 Research applications in business and management....

 What are the applications of research in business?...( 10 Marks)....

a. Business research helps to identify opportunities and threats.

b. It helps identify problems and using this information, wise decisions can be
made to tackle the issue appropriately.
c. It helps to understand customers better and hence can be useful to
communicate better with the customers or stakeholders.
 What is the importance of research in business and management?...( 2/10 M)

a. It enables businesses to understand their target customers' preferences

better, purchasing patterns, pain concerns, and demographics.
b. Business Research .... gives companies a complete understanding of their
target markets, trending, and market demand.

 How does research contribute to the development of businesses?...( 2 Marks)

a. Innovation in our business

b. R&D can lead to innovations in our business. These may be in terms of... 
• New products and services,
• improved processes and new ways to interact with your customers.
• These innovations can result in greater profits and lower costs.
• Innovation is also a useful way to grow your business.
 Questions in Research: Formulation of Research Problem....

• Research Problem... is the specific issue, contradiction, or gap you will

address. It gives your research a clear purpose and justification.
•  Research Problem... is defined as an area of concern that requires a
meaningful understanding of a specific topic, a condition, a contradiction, or a
difficulty.
• Research Problem... means finding answers to questions or strengthening
existing findings to bridge the knowledge gap to solve problems.
• Research Problem... is a specific statement relating to an area of concern and
is contingent on the type of research. 

 Research problem statement?

A problem statement in research seeks to achieve the following:

• Introduce the importance of the topic in the research proposal.
• Position the problem in an appropriate context.
• Provide a framework to analyze and report results.
 Formulation of Research Problem....

• Research Problem… is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be

improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in
scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for
meaningful understanding and deliberate / Purposely investigation.
• Research Problem… is a question that a researcher wants to answer or a
problem that a researcher wants to solve.
• Research Problem… refers to some difficulty which a researcher experiences in
the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a
solution for the same.
• Formulation of a problem… is like the input into a study and the out put the
quality of the contents of the research report and validity.
 Management Question & Research Question …

• Management Question: What are the causes for low productivity and high
absenteeism?
• Research questions:
(1) What are the causes of low productivity that relate to personnel issues?
(2) What are the causes of low productivity that relate to technology, or the
manufacturing plant?
(3) What are the causes of absenteeism?
(4) Is there an employee morale problem in the plant, and if so, what are its
major dimensions.
 Difference between.... Search...Research....Invention....Innovation

 Search...
• An act of looking for information in a computer database or network.
• To examine somebody / something carefully because we are looking for
something, to look for something that is missing.
• An act of trying to find somebody / something.

 Invention...
• A thing that has been made or designed by somebody for the first time.
• The action or process of making or designing something for the first time.
• Example... The microwave oven is a very useful invention.

 Innovation...
•  A new idea, method, or device , (novelty).
• A new idea or method, or the use of new ideas and methods.
• Innovation can refer to something new, such as an invention, or the practice of
developing and introducing new things.
 Research Question & Investigation Question…

• Research question… usually focuses on the research and determines the research
design, methodology, and hypothesis.
• Research question… is "a question that a research project sets out to answer".
• Research question… is a specific inquiry which the research seeks to provide a response
to.
• Research question… focuses on the research, determines the methodology and
hypothesis, and guides all stages of inquiry, analysis, and reporting.

• What are Investigative research questions? ( 2 Marks)

• An Investigative question is a scientific question posed for which you seek to find and
answer, either by designing an experiment, testing an existing product or by doing a
survey.

 What are the Research questions? ( 2 Marks)

• What is the problem to be solved?
• Who cares about this problem and why?
• What have others done?
• What is your solution to the problem?
• How can you demonstrate that your solution is a good one?
 The Process / Steps / Stages of Business research…( 10 Marks)
 Literature Review – Concepts and theories …. ( 5 Marks /10 Marks)

• Literature review… is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic.

The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant
to a particular area of research.
• Literature review… acknowledges the work of previous researchers, and in so
doing, assures the reader that your work has been well conceived.
• Literature review… is the writing process of summarizing, synthesizing and/or
critiquing the literature found as a result of a literature search. It may be used as
background or context for a primary research project.
• L.R. … involves searching for information related to your topic, to familiarize
yourself with the relevant research and to identify issues and gaps in the research.

• Literature reviews are essential for…

(a) Identifying what has been written on a subject or topic

(b) Determining the extent to which a specific research area reveals any
interpretable trends or patterns
(c) Aggregating empirical findings related to a narrow research question to support
evidence.
 Reasons to Review the Literature…

• Identify the developments in the field of study

• Learn about the information sources and the research methodologies
• Find gaps in the literature that can become research questions
• Validate the originality of a research project
• Evaluate the methods
• Identify errors to avoid
• Highlight the strengths, weaknesses and controversies in the field of study
• Identify the subject experts
 Sampling - Data collection - Data analysis …. (10 Marks)

• Sample… is a subset of individuals from a larger population.

Sampling...
• Sample …is a group of people, objects, or items that are taken from a larger
population for measurement.
• Sample … are representative of the population to ensure that we can
generalize the findings from the research sample to the population as a
whole.
• Sampling …means selecting the group that you will actually collect data from
in your research.
• Sampling …can explained as a specific principle used to select members of
population to be included in the study.
• Sampling …is the statistical process of selecting a subset (called a “sample”) of
a population of interest for purposes of making observations.

• What Is Sampling? …(2 Marks)

Sampling… is a process in statistical analysis where researchers take a
predetermined number of observations from a larger population.
 Sampling Methods / Techniques / Types / Ways …

• Sampling methods … refer to how we select members from the population to

be in the study.
• Sampling… is the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical
population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
• Sampling methods…Statisticians or Researcher attempt to collect samples
that are representative of the population in question.

• There are Two types of Sampling methods:

a. Probability sampling … involves random selection, allowing you to make
strong statistical inferences about the whole group.
b. Non-probability sampling… involves non-random selection based on
convenience or other criteria, allowing you to easily collect data.
 What is Probability / Random Sampling?

The probability sampling method utilizes some form of random selection. In

this method, all the eligible individuals have a chance of selecting the sample
from the whole sample space.
This method is more time consuming and expensive than the non-probability
sampling method.
The benefit of using probability sampling is that it guarantees the sample that
should be the representative of the population.

 Probability Sampling Types…

Probability Sampling methods are further classified into different types, such
as ….

a. Simple random or Probability sampling

b. Systematic random or Probability sampling
c. Stratified random or Probability sampling
d. Clustered random or Probability sampling.
 Simple Random Sampling / Method of chance Selection / Representative …

In simple random sampling technique, every item in the population has an

equal and likely chance of being selected in the sample.
Since the item selection entirely depends on the chance, this method is known
as “Method of chance Selection”.
As the sample size is large, and the item is chosen randomly, it is known as
“Representative Sampling”.

 Example:
Suppose we want to select a simple random sample of 200 students from a
school. Here, we can assign a number to every student in the school database
from 1 to 500 and use a random number generator to select a sample of 200
numbers.
 Systematic random / probability Sampling….
In the systematic sampling method, the items are selected from the target
population by selecting the random selection point and selecting the other
methods after a fixed sample interval.
It is calculated by dividing the total population size by the desired population
size.

 Example:
Suppose the names of 300 students of a school are sorted in the reverse
alphabetical order. To select a sample in a systematic sampling method, we have
to choose some 15 students by randomly selecting a starting number, say 5. From
number 5 onwards, will select every 15th person from the sorted list. Finally, we
can end up with a sample of some students.
 Stratified random / probability Sampling…

• Stratified sampling method.. the total population is divided into smaller

groups to complete the sampling process.
The small group is formed based on a few characteristics in the population.
After separating the population into a smaller group, the statisticians randomly
select the sample.

• Example… there are three bags (A, B and C), each with different balls. Bag A
has 50 balls, bag B has 100 balls, and bag C has 200 balls. We have to choose a
sample of balls from each bag proportionally. Suppose 5 balls from bag A, 10
balls from bag B and 20 balls from bag C.
 Clustered random / probability Sampling…

Clustered sampling method… the cluster or group of people are formed from
the population set.
The group has similar significatory characteristics.
Also, they have an equal chance of being a part of the sample.
This method uses simple random sampling for the cluster of population.
 Example: An educational institution has ten branches across the country with
almost the number of students. If we want to collect some data regarding
facilities and other things, we can’t travel to every unit to collect the required
data. Hence, we can use random sampling to select three or four branches as
clusters.
 2. What is Non-Probability / Non random Sampling?...

The non-probability sampling method is a technique in which the

researcher selects the sample based on subjective judgment rather than the
random selection. In this method, not all the members of the population have a
chance to participate in the study.

• Non-probability sampling… is a method in which not all population members

have an equal chance of participating in the study.
• Non-probability sampling is a method of selecting units from a population
using a subjective (i.e. non-random) method.
• Non-probability sampling (also known as non-random sampling) … not all
members of the population have a chance to participate in the study.
• Non-probability sampling… is defined as a method of sampling in which
samples are selected according to the subjective judgment of the researcher
rather than through random sampling.
• Non-probability sampling … is commonly used in qualitative or exploratory
research and it is conducted by observation.
 Convenience Sampling…

In a convenience sampling method… the samples are selected from the

population directly because they are conveniently available for the researcher.
The samples are easy to select, and the researcher did not choose the sample that
outlines the entire population.
• Convenience sampling… involves using respondents who are “convenient” to
the researcher.
• Convenience sampling …is a non-probability sampling method where units are
selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the
researcher to access.

 Example:
In researching customer support services in a particular region, we ask your
few customers to complete a survey on the products after the purchase. This is a
convenient way to collect data. Still, as we only surveyed customers taking the
same product. At the same time, the sample is not representative of all the
customers in that area.
 Consecutive Sampling…

• Consecutive sampling… is similar to convenience sampling with a slight

variation. The researcher picks a single person or a group of people for
sampling. Then the researcher researches for a period of time to analyze the
result and move to another group if needed.
 Quota Sampling…

• Quota sampling method… the researcher forms a sample that involves the
individuals to represent the population based on specific traits or qualities.
• Quota sampling… is defined as a non-probability sampling method in which
researchers create a sample involving individuals that represent a population.
• Quota sampling… is a non-probability sampling method that relies on the
non-random selection of a predetermined number or proportion of units.
• Quota sampling… is a non-probability sampling method that relies on the
non-random selection of a predetermined number or proportion of units.
This is called a quota.
• Quota sampling… is used in both qualitative and quantitative research
designs in order to gain insight about a characteristic of a particular subgroup
or investigate relationships between different subgroups.
• Quota sampling … is most commonly used in research studies where there is
no sampling frame available.
 Snowball Sampling method….

• Snowball sampling… is a non-probability sampling method where currently

enrolled research participants help recruit future subjects for a study.
• Snowball sampling… is a non-probability sampling technique that is used by
researchers to identify potential subjects in studies where subjects are hard to
locate.
• Snowball sampling… is where research participants recruit other participants
for a test or study. It is used where potential participants are hard to find.
 Difference between Probability / Random & Non probability / Non random
sampling methods….( 5 / 10 Marks)
 Research Proposal…. ( 5 Marks)

• Research Proposal… an act of putting forward or stating something for

consideration related to research.
• Research proposal… is a concise and coherent summary of your proposed
research.
• Research proposal… aims to show why project is worthwhile. It should explain
the context, objectives, and methods of research.
• Research proposal …is a document proposing a research project, generally in
academia, and generally constitutes a request for sponsorship.
• Research proposal… is a simply a structured, formal document that explains…
what you plan to research (i.e. your research topic)
why it’s worth researching (i.e. your justification)
how you plan to investigate it (i.e. your practical approach).
• Research proposal… is a document written by a researcher that provides a
detailed description of the proposed program. It is like an outline of the entire
research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in
a project.
(5 Marks)
 Elements of a Research Proposal. ( 2 Marks)
 Research Plan… ( 2 Marks / 10 Marks)

• Research plan… is a framework that shows how you intend to approach your
topic. The plan can take many forms: a written outline, a narrative, a visual
/concept map or timeline.
• Research plan… is the main part of a grant application and describes a principal
investigator's proposed research.
• Research plan …is a detailed description of a proposed study, it includes a
literature review that justifies the study , its hypothesis, description of the
steps,
Analysis of the data collected.
• Research plan …provides a guidance for conducting the study.
 Data management in Research…
 Ethical principles in Research …( 2/5/10 Marks)
 Harm to Participants in Research …
 Lack of informed Consent in research…

• Informed consent… is the voluntary agreement regarding a role a person will

play in a research study after they are fully informed.
• Informed consent… is one of the founding principles of research ethics. Its
intent is that human participants can enter research freely or voluntarily with
full information about what it means for them to take part, and that they give
consent before they enter the research.
 Invasion of Privacy in Research…

• Breach of confidentiality violates a person's rights and poses a risk of dignitary

harm to the research participant.
• Invasion of privacy… is a legal term. It is used to describe a circumstance where
an individual or organization knowingly intrudes upon a person.
• Information privacy… is supposed to protect the subjects the people to whom
the information relates.

• What is an example of an invasion of Privacy?...

Taking photos or videos of someone inside their home or a private place

without their knowledge or consent. Publicly disclosing private information about
someone that has caused damage or injury and Publicizing a matter regarding
another's private life.
 Deception in Research…

• Deception …occurs as the result of investigators providing false or incomplete

information to participants for the purpose of misleading research subjects.
• Deception… in a research study is the process of intentionally misleading a
participant to obscure the real purpose of the study.
• Deception…is when a researcher gives false information to subjects or
intentionally misleads them about some key aspect of the research.
 Reciprocity and Trust in Research…

• Trust…is a positive expectation in the face of uncertainty emerging from social

relations.
Trust … enables cooperative behavior, facilitates organization in both
permanent and temporary work groups and is associated with higher job
satisfaction, lower labor cost and larger profits.

• Reciprocity …constitutes a model in which research participants are either

directly (for example, through labor exchange) or indirectly (for example,
through making the resulting research freely available) compensated for their
time and effort.
• Reciprocity… concerns balanced patterns of giving and taking between people.
Research relationships are not necessarily reciprocal, but good research ethics
practice requires that researchers consider what they take from research
participants as well as what they give to them.
• Reciprocity… is a social norm of responding to a positive action with another
positive action, rewarding kind actions.
• Reciprocity… as an ethical basis for research relationships.
 Affiliation and Conflicts of interest research…
 Legal Considerations in Research…

• It is the researcher's responsibility to safeguard and maintain the privacy,

dignity, respect, privacy, and protection of the research participants.

 What are Ethical Considerations in research?....( 2 Marks)

Ethical considerations …in research are a set of principles that guide your
research designs and practices. These principles include voluntary participation,
informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, potential for harm, and results
communication.
 Copyright in research… ( 10 Marks)

• Copyright… is a type of intellectual property which protects certain sorts of

original creative work, including academic articles.
Copyright allows the creator of a work to decide whether, and under what
conditions, their work may be used, published and distributed by others.
• Academic research is related to literary work and due to lots of similar research
works the chances of getting illegally copied raises. So, to protect from being
unauthorized copy of work Intellectual Property law gives protection by
Copyright Act.
 What is Copyright and example?...( 2 Marks)

Copyright or Author's right… is a legal term used to describe the rights that
creators have over their literary and artistic works.
Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture, and
films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps, and technical
drawings.

 Does research have Copyright?...( 2 Marks)

Copyright protection exists from the moment your research is produced in a

form that can be copied.

 What is the purposes of Copyright?...( 2 Marks)

Copyright laws work to control ownership, use, and distribution of creative and
expressive works.
 What is copyright and its benefits?...( 2 Marks)

Copyright protection entitles the creators to control use of their literary and
artistic material in a number of ways such as making copies, performing in public,
broadcasting, use on-line, etc. and to obtain an appropriate economic reward.
Creators can therefore be rewarded for their creativity and investment.

 What are the benefits of Copyright?...( 2 Marks)

• Prevention of monetary loss

• Legal protection
• Pre-emptive measure
• The incentive to create
• Protecting reputations
• Prestige
 Questions on Unit No.1 …

1. Define “Research”. What are the Importance / Benefits / Uses / Utilities /

Needs / Purposes / Applications of Research? …10 Marks
2. What is mean by “ Scientific Research”? Explain various Stages / Steps / Phases
/ Process of Scientific Research in details? …10 Marks
3. What are the different Characteristics of “Scientific Research”? Explain in
details along with suitable examples….10 Marks
4. What is mean by “Hypothesis”?...2 Marks
5. Define “Business Research”. What are the practical Applications / Uses /
Utilities of research in Business / Industries / Organizations ?...Discuss along with
suitable examples… 10 Marks
6. What is mean by “ Research”? Explain how Research is useful in various
functional areas of Industry / Organizations?... 10 Marks
7. What is the importance of research in business and management? Is it really
necessary for development of organization or industries? How?...10 Marks
8. Define the following terms & Discuss in detail. …10 Marks
a. Research Problem c. Research Problem Formulation
b. Research Problem Statement
9. Define the term “ Research Problem”. Discuss various Steps / Stages / Phases /
Processes involved in research problem in details. …10 Marks
10. Assume that you are research head of the Pharmaceutical Industry. You have
to make one suitable “Business Research Plan” for the company along with
various Steps / Stages / Phases / Processes to be involved in it….10 Marks
11. What are the Phases / Steps / Stages / Process involved in “Business Research
Plan”? Make suitable diagram and explain all stages in detailed…10 Marks
12. Define the term “ Literature Review”. What are the Needs / Reasons to review
literature? Is it really useful for Industry / Organization / Company? Discuss. 10
Marks.
13. What is “Sampling”? What are the Methods / Types / Ways of collecting the
samples? Discuss along with suitable examples… 10 Marks
14. What is “Probability / Random Sampling” ? Explain various methods of this in
details along with suitable examples…10 Marks
15. What is “Non Probability Sampling” or “ Non Random Sampling”? Explain
various methods of this in details along with suitable examples…10 Marks
16. What are the differences between Probability / Random & Non probability /
Non random sampling methods….Which method is more suitable for collecting
more authentic data for the purpose of research ? ( 5 / 10 Marks)
17. You have to collect Primary data for the purpose of doing Survey in the field of
Engineering automobile spare parts manufacturing company. Which method of
Sampling you would like to use for this research? Why…Discuss along with suitable
examples…10 Marks
18. Describe the following terms in details…10 Marks
a. Random / Probability Sampling methods
b. Non-random / Non Probability Sampling methods
19. What is mean by “ Research Proposal”? Explain various Elements /
Components of Research Proposal in details…10 Marks
20. Assume that you got offer from Relax Foods Private Limited a Pune based
ready mix manufacturing & marketing company. They would like to launch their
new food range like Instant Mixes in Pune & PCMC area. Sample size expected
here is 1000. Which method of Sampling you would like to use in this situation?
Why ? Explain in details…10 Marks
21. Assume that you are head of Research team. You have to make one Research
Proposal for getting sanction from that particular company. That company is in the
field of Hospitality management segment…10 Marks
22. Define the term “ Research Plan”. What are the Elements / Components are
involved in Research Plan? Discuss in details…10 Marks
23. Make a suitable “ Research Plan” for PIBM college on the topic of “ To study
the challenges in front of management student in getting opportunity in upcoming
Business Analytics companies related to job opportunities”…10 Marks
24. Write detailed notes on the following terms….05 Marks each
a. Data management in Research p. Invasion of Privacy in Research
b. Ethical Principles in Research q. Reciprocity and Trust in research
c. Harm to Participants in Research r. Conflicts of Interest research
d. Informed Consent in research s. Legal Considerations in Research
e. Invasion of Privacy in Research
f. Search, Invention & Innovation
g. Need of Business Research in Current situation
h. Difference between Business & Scientific research
i. Management questions Vs. Research questions
j. Research questions Vs. Investigation questions
k. Quota sampling
l. Snow ball sampling
m. Convenience sampling
n. Need of Research Proposal
o. Need of Business Research
25. Define “Intellectual Property Rights”. Explain the term “Copyright in research”
in details along with examples… 10 Marks
26. What is mean by “ Copy Right”? How it is useful in “Business Research”?
Discuss in details…10 Marks
27. Define the term “Copy Right”. What are the Importance of “Copy Right”
related to Business Research? Discuss in details…10 Marks