PLAN OF THE LECTURE

1. Connection of load phases by triangle.

Power of three-phase electrical circuit.
3. Power measurement in a three-phase system.

Glossary
Symmetric and asymmetric load. The load is symmetrical if it is uniform
and uniform. The load is unbalanced if at least one of the conditions is not
met.
Three-phase system power measurement:
A) Single wattmeter method when a single wattmeter is used
B) Two wattmeter method when two wattmeters are used
C) Three wattmeter method when three watt meters are used.

1
Connection of load phases by
triangle.

2
   
I A ,IB ,IC – linear currents,

  
I ab , I bc , I ca – phase load currents,

   – linear voltage of a
U AB , U BC ,U CA source

  
U ,U ,U – phase voltages of a source.
ab bc ca
3
 If resistance of linear conductors is not
taken into account, Rcon = 0, then

 
U ab  U AB ;
 
U bc  U BC ;
 
U ca  U CA , i.e. U  U
4
and currents in line wires
  
I A  I ab  I ca ;
  
I B  I bc  I ab ;
  
I C  I ca  I bc ;
  
I A  I B  I C  0; 5
где
 
I ab  U ab / Z ab ;
 
I bc  U bc / Z bc ;
 
I ca  U ca / Z ca ;
6
 Symmetric loading
Zab=Zbc=Zca=zej
or

1. zab=zbc=zca=z - identical loading;

2. φab= φbc= φca - uniform loading.
Let the load be symmetrical and the following
condition is met:

Rab  Rbc  Rca

 ab   bc   ca  0 7
 To draw a vector diagram of voltages and
currents, calculate phase currents
 
j 30 
 U ab U AB U ле j 30 
I ab     I ab e
Z ab Z ab R ab
 
 j 90 
 U bc U BC U ле  j 90 
I bc     I bc e
Z bc Z bc R bc
 
j 150 
 U ca U CA U ле j 150 
I ca     I ca e
Z ca Z ca R ca
        
I A  I ab  I ca ; I B  I bc  I ab ; I C  I ca  I bc 8
Vector diagram

9
 Thus, under symmetrical load, the
vectors of linear currents form an
equilateral triangle and the bond between
linear and phase currents is determined by
the relation:

Iл  3Iф

10
 Asymmetrical loading
Rab > Rbc > Rca
φab = φbc = φca = φ = 0
j 30 
 Uле j 30 
I ab   I ab e Iab < Ibc < Ica
R ab
 j 90 0
 U лe  j 90 0
I bc   I bс e
R bc
0
j 150
 U лe j 150 0
I cа   I са e
R cа
        
I A  I ab  I cа , I B  I bc  I аb , I C  I ca  I bc . 11
Vector diagram

12
 Power of three-phase
electrical circuit.
The instantaneous power value of the
three-phase system is equal to the sum of the
power of the phases

A three-phase system with a symmetrical

load is a balanced system, i.e. its power is
constant and independent of time.
13
 Indeed, the instantaneous value of
the active power of the three-phase
symmetric system p=pA+pB+pC, and
the mean of the period

P=3UphIphcosφph.

14
P  UI cos 
Q  UI sin 
P  PA  PB  PC
Q  QA  QB  QC
2 2
S  P Q 15
 In practice, it is common to express
power through linear values of current and
voltage VL=V; IL=I;
For symmetric loading

P  3UI cos 
Respectively reactive power

Q  3UI sin 
16
 Total power

The power factor cosφ is determined

by the formula

P
cos  
3UI 17
 Measurement of active power
1. Way of one wattmeter.
At symmetric loading.
2. Way of two wattmeters.
At three-wire non-symmetrical load
3. Way of three wattmeters.
At four-wire asymmetric load

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1. Way of one wattmeter.
At symmetric loading.

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2. Way of two wattmeters.
At three-wire non-symmetrical load

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3. Way of three wattmeters.
At four-wire asymmetric load

21
 Questions for self-preparation:
1. Connection of load phases by triangle.
2. Simmetichny loading
3. Asymmetrical loading
4. Power of three-phase electrical circuit.
5. Measurement of active power

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 Учебно-методические материалы по дисциплине

1. Герасимов В. Г. Электротехника. - М.: Высшая школа, 1985. -

161с.
2. Борисов Ю. М. Электротехника. -М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1985. -
185с.
3. Касаткин А. С., Немцов М. В. Электротехника. –Л.:
Энергоатомиздат, 1983. -120с.
4. Волынский В. Г. Электротехника. -М.: Высшая школа, 1985. -
299с.
5. Пантюшин В. С. Электротехника. - М.: Высшая школа, 1976. -
25с.
6. Иванов И. И. Электротехника. - М.: Высшая школа, 1984. -20с.
7. Иванов А. А. Электротехника. Лабораторные работы. - Киев:
Высшая школа, 1982. -50с.
8. Рекус Г. Г. Электротехника и основы электроники. - М.:
Высшая школа, 1984. -50с.