Unit 4 Similarity

Part 1
 Agenda

A
4.1 – Ratios

4.2 – Proportions

4.3 – Scale Factor

4.4 – Dilations

4.5 – Proportionality Theorem

4.6 – AA

4.7 – SSS

4.8 –SAS
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 What are Similar Figures?
Two figures are similar if
one can be mapped onto 1
the other using a dilation
transformation. 2

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Similarity v. Congruency 
 Similarity v. Congruency

Congruent Figures Similar figures

- Corresponding Angles are - Corresponding angles are
Congruent congruent
- Corresponding side are - Corresponding sides are
congruent PROPORTIONAL-they reduce
- Congruent figures have a 1 to 1 to the same fraction
ratio 4 7 4 7 4 7 8 14
9 9 9 18
5
If Δ ABC is similar to Δ DEF, determine the
measure of ∠A.
(4x+16) = (5x+2)
16 = x+2
X=14

(4x+16) (5x+2) 4(14)+16=72

∠A = 72°
You try: If Δ ABC is similar to Δ DEF,
determine the measure of ∠A.

(8x-12) (3x+3)
4.1 Ratios
 What is a Ratio?
- A comparison of two quantities using
division.

Ratios can be written in 3 ways:

- A to B (Written out)
- A : B (Colon)
- (Fraction)
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 Written out
Wins to Losses
How to write a Ratio!
*Has to be written in the correct order!* 16 to 6 
Colon
Win : Losses

16 : 6 
Fraction
16/6 
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 Written:
For every 1 male 1 to 2
students in Ms.
Browns class there
are 2 female students. Colon:
Write a ratio showing 1:2
this relationship of
male to female
students. Fraction:
1
2
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 Written:
You Try: Adam and 10 to 8
Alex just played a
game of basketball. Colon:
Adam had 8 point
and Alex had 10. 10 : 8
Write a ratio of
winner to loser. Fraction:
1 0
8
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 When writing ratios about two
Ratio of Shapes shapes we use the
corresponding sides.
a
a
1
Sma On the BIG triangle
3 c ll b AC is corresponding to AC
on the small triangle
BIG
c b

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 Write the ratio from the
Ratio of Shapes Big triangle to the Small
Triangle.
a
a
1 Big to Small
Sma 3 to 1
3 c ll b
Big : Small
BIG 3:1
c b

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The two hexagons below are similar. What is the ratio of
the perimeter of the smaller hexagon to the larger one?

9 1

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 You Try: The two pentagons below are similar. What is the
ratio of the perimeter of the larger hexagon to the smaller one?

5
1

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 Simplifying Ratios

When in Fraction Form, Always Simplify!!!

In the question about Steps to simplify ratios
Adam and Alex’s 1: Find the GCF
basketball game the 2: Divide out the GCF from the denominator and the
answer was: numerator

That isn’t simplified

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 Step 1 – Find the GCF of 10 and 8 
10 – 1, 2, 5, 10
8 – 1, 2, 4, 8 
In the question about
Adam and Alex’s
basketball game the GCF = 2
answer was:

Step 2 – Divide out the GCF from 10 and

That isn’t simplified 8 

10 divided by 2 = 5 
8 divided by 2 = 4
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 Simplify These Ratios

5 2
15 16 24
4

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 Determine the ratio of
the rectangles below .

2
4
3
6
 Determine the ratio of
the triangles below.

OR
12

4
3
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4.2 Proportions
 What are Proportions? 

-An equation stating two ratios are

equal
 

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 If two ratios are equal, they are called
“Proportional”
Ex:

When both fractions are reduced, if they are equal, they will be
proportional.

These fractions are Proportional!

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 Are these ratios proportional?

𝟑 𝟕 𝟓 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝟗 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟎

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 How does this apply to Similar Figures?

After finding the ratios of both

figures, if the ratios are
proportional the figures are
similar!
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Determine if the triangles
below are similar.
Reduce…

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Yes! They are
4 Similar! 
3
9
Determine if the rectangles
below are similar.
Reduce…

9
3 15 No! They are
Not Similar! 
4
 Ashley claims that the rectangles shown below
are similar, Michael claims they are not

What do you
think?
Turn to your
elbow partner
and discuss!
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 2 Reduce…

4
3
6
Ashley is correct because the bigger rectangle
has side lengths that are double the size of the REMEMBER: Similar figures
side lengths of the other rectangle. -Corresponding angles are congruent
-Corresponding sides are PROPORTIONAL
Curtis’ rectangular painting is 12in wide by 36in long as shown.
Which model would be similar but NOT congruent to his
painting?

A
36in B 33in

Painting 36in 10in

12in
12in C 9in

3in
What happens when we are missing a side?

Step 1 : Find the ratios using corresponding

sides. (big to small) or (small to big)

and

Step 2: Set ratios equal to each other 

=
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 Let's practice setting up proportions

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 Mrs. Ramirez’s daughter wants to find the height of a flagpole for a
project. She is 1 meter tall. She stands 5m away from the flagpole and her
shadow is 3m long. Write a proportion that can be used to find the height. 

***Separate this into

TWO triangles
Use the corresponding
sides to create a
proportion***
x 1
5+3 3
You Try: A student wants to find the height of a flagpole. He is 6ft
tall. He stands 8 ft from the flagpole and his shadow is 10ft long.
Write a proportion that can be used to find the height.
 Two concrete slabs are in the shape of isosceles trapezoids. The small
concrete is geometrically similar to the large one as shown below. Which
proportion can be used to find the length of x, on the large concrete slab?

Isosceles: two equal sides

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A wall is being painted using two types of stencils. The stencils are similar
isosceles triangles. The lengths of the smaller stencil are 4in, 4in, and 5in.
Which one of these could be the side measurements of the bigger stencil?

A) 8in, 8in, 8in Which choice would

B) 8in, 8in, 15in reduce ALL the sides to
C) 12in, 12in, 15in the same ratio?
D) 12 in, 12 in, 12 in
It takes Andrea 7 day to
complete 2 books at
this rate create a
proportion to find out
how long it will take
her to finish 10 books. 

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 For every 30 kids at
West Point there is 1
teacher. Write a
proportion to find out
how many students are
at West Point if there
are 98 teachers.   
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4.3/4.4 Scale Factors &
Dilation
 Scale Factor: The ratio used to dilate a figure.
 
Dilation: changing the size of an object/shape by
increasing (enlarge) or decreasing (shrink).

These shapes are ____________ they are the same

shape just different ______________.
Scale Factor are either:
Whole numbers for GROWTH Fractions for SHRINK

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 But… How do I find a Scale Factor?

1) Figure out your ratio. Are they asking image: pre-image or pre
image: image?
2) Write that as a fraction
3) Simplify

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Example 1: Rectangle SRTQ is shown. A similar rectangle, ABCD, has dimensions 10.8 yards x 9.6 yards. What is
the scale factor for the dilation of rectangle SRTQ to rectangle ABCD?

SRTQ:ABCD

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 But… How do I find a Scale Factor?

1) Figure out your ratio. Are they asking image: pre-image or pre
image: image?
2) Write that as a fraction
3) Simplify

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You Try: Rectangle FRTY is shown. A similar rectangle,
MOPS, has dimensions 4.8 feet x 3 feet. What is the
scale factor for the dilation of rectangle FRTY to
rectangle MOPS?

46
 Example 2: Applying a Scale Factor Graph
If each side of the triangle HPL is reduced by a scale factor
of , what is the length of the side that corresponds to HP
in the new triangle?

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You Try: If each side of the triangle HPL is reduced by
a scale factor of , what is the length of the side that
corresponds to VT in the new triangle?

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Example 3: The actual length of a full-size pine tree is
80 ft. Which toy pine tree is built to a scale of
1 in =10 ft?
Multiply your scale factor to each toy find the one that
DOES become the actual size!

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 You Try: Mrs. Ortiz want to make her a model of her car.
The car is 15ft long. The model will be to the scale of
1in = 3ft Which is the correct measurement of the model?

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 Example 4: The table below shows the
relationship between the distances on a map, in
inches, and the equivalent actual distance in
miles.

51
You Try: The table below shows the relationship
between the distances on a map, in inches, and
the equivalent actual distance in miles.

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Example 5: Rectangle ROFL is similar to rectangle
HATE as shown below. All dimensions shown are
in centimeters. What is the area of rectangle
HATE?
Step 1: Find your scale
factor
 
Step 2: Multiply the
corresponding side by
the scale factor to find
the missing side
 
Step 3: Find the area
using L x W

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You Try: Rectangle GFHT is similar to rectangle HATE as
shown below. All dimensions shown are in centimeters.
What is the area of rectangle CRPY?

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Unit 4 Part 2
4.5 Proportionality Theorem
 Reminders
• ~ means similar
• Similar Figures
• Corresponding angles are congruent
• Corresponding sides are proportional
 Example 1: Using the
information you know
about similar figures which
triangle would be similar
to triangle PQR?

58
 You Try: Which triangle is
similar to triangle PQR?

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 Example 2: In triangle XYZ
and triangle GHI below, the
side lengths are given in
meters. Which statement
explains why triangle XYZ
and triangle GHI are
similar?

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 Example 3: In the figure
below, triangle EAD is
~ triangle BAC. Which
proportion is true?

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You Try: In the figure below, triangle WUV is ~
triangle FUE. Write a proportion that is true.

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4.6 Solving Proportions
Reminder: Midsegment
• A midsegment has endpoints that are midpoints of two sides.
• A midsegment is parallel to the third side of the triangle.
• A midsegment is half the length of the parallel side.

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Example #1: Step 1: Separate the 2
In the diagram below, is the midpoint of and triangles
is the midpoint of . What is the length of ?
Step 2: Set up your
proportions based on
corresponding sides

Step 3: Cross multiply to

set up your equation

Step 4: Solve for x.

You Try:
Find .
Example #2:
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Determine if the given triangles are
similar.
5
Step 1: Set up your
proportions using
corresponding sides Note: figures
(small to big or big to small) are not drawn
to scale

Step 2: Simplify, if necessary.

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Step 3: If they MATCH, Yes, these are
triangles are similar, if they similar triangles
DON’T match, they’re not 3
similar! 
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You Try:
Determine if the given triangles are
similar.

6
25
10
No, these are
13 NOT similar
Note: figures
are not drawn triangles.
to scale

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Example #3
What is the length of in the given
figure?
Step 1: Separate the two 𝐵𝐶‖ 𝐷𝐸
triangles and label them
accordingly

Step 2: Set up your proportions

based on corresponding sides

Step 3: Cross multiply to set up

your equation
THIS IS NOT OUR
Step 4: Solve for x. FINAL ANSWER!
Step 5: Reduce your improper
fraction to a mixed fraction

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Example #3 Continued
Final Answer:
Reducing your final answer to a Mixed
Fraction:
Step 1: Find the whole number
• = 1.6363636363636 = 1 (our whole #)

Step 2: Get the new numerator (top number of our

fraction)
• use the whole number we calculated in step one (1) and
multiply it by the original denominator (11)

Step 3: Our mixed fraction

• Just put the whole number together with our new
numerator and original denominator: 𝐵𝐶‖ 𝐷𝐸 70
 You Try:
• What is the length of in the
figure shown?

Final Answer:

Example #4
Sandra used binoculars to
look at a mountain 24
miles away. The diagram
shows the image height of
the mountain at 5 inches at
a distance of 8 inches.
What is the height () of the
mountain in miles?
Note: figure is
not drawn to
scale
𝐴𝐵‖ ED
Step 1: Separate your triangles
Step 2: Use proportion of matching
sides to set up your sides
*Make sure to change to for it to
work in desmos
Step 3: Cross Multiply to set up
your new equation.
Step 4: Solve for x.
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You Try:
Find the missing side().

Note: figure is
not drawn to
scale

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Example #5: 15+6=21
The given figure, represents a slice of pizza with one
portion covered with cheese, marinara sauce, and pepperoni
along side a thick pizza crust. If the pizza crust is parallel to
the portion with cheese, marinara sauce, and pepperoni, what
is the length of the pizza crust represented by ?

st
ru
Step 1: Separate the 2 triangles

aC
*remember to add sides when
necessary

z
Piz
Step 2: Set up your proportions
based on corresponding sides

Step 3: Cross multiply to set up

your equation

Step 4: Solve for x.

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You Try: Whiteboard Practice
Based on the figure, what is the
length of ?

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4.7 Similarity Theorems
 Side - Side - Side  (SSS)
If all three pairs of
corresponding sides have the
same ratio, then the triangles
are similar. 

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WV
U
HG
F
 Side - Angle  - Side  (SAS)
If two pairs of
corresponding sides
have the same ratio, and
the included angles are
congruent then the
triangles are similar. 
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S RQ
Q
DQ E
28 Q
28
12 12
Q Q

DQ
E
77 44
42 24
11 11
6 6
A A

BA
C
Ex 5: In the Figure below find the distance from the pirates to the treasure
and state your reasoning for why the two triangles would be similar.

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Ex 7: If RS and QT intersect at V and , then which method can
be used to prove the similarity of triangle QRV and triangle
TSV?

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 Angle  - Angle (AA)
If two pairs of
corresponding
angles are
congruent, then
the two triangles
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are similar. 86
 In the triangles below, determine the two pairs of
corresponding angles that are congruent to prove the
triangles similar.

Congruent Angles:
 
<H < H

<M < F
 
ΔHLM ~ ΔHGF by AA
 In the triangles below, determine the two pairs of
corresponding angles that are congruent to prove the triangles
similar.

Congruent Angles:
 
<B < B
<G < C
<D < H
 
ΔBHG ~ ΔBDC by AA
Ex 10: Look at the triangles shown below, which
statement would be true?

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You Try: If AD and BC intersect at E and , can you prove the two
triangles are similar? If so, how?

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You Try: Solve for the missing side then determine
if/how the two triangles are similar.

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You Try: According to the labeled measurements, are
the triangles similar? If so, how?

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You Try: Are these two similar if so, how? Solve for x and for y.

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In the triangles below, determine the two pairs of corresponding
angles that are congruent to prove the triangles similar.

Congruent Angles:
<Q < Q
<F < R
 
ΔFQG ~ ΔRQS by AA
 You Try:

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