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1F Newmans Theory
1F Newmans Theory
1F Newmans Theory
A S E X PA N D I N G C O N S C I O U S N E S S
MANUCDOC, JOANNA E .
MARI GSA, SHARLY MAE R.
SURATOS, JASMINE LAURA L.
BSN 1F
ABOUT THE THEORIST
MARGARET A. NEWMAN
(OCTOBER 10, 1933 - DECEMBER 18, 2018)
• BORN IN MEMPHIS,
TENNESSEE
• LIVING LEGEND OF THE
ACADEMY
KNOWN AS:
• AMERICAN NURSE
• UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR
• NURSING THEORIST
ABOUT THE THEORIST
E D U C AT I O N A L B A C K G R O U N D
Doctorate and
rehabilitation nursing
ABOUT THE THEORIST
CAREER
HE ALT H
• Health is the “pattern of the whole” of a person and includes disease as a
manifestation of the pattern of the whole, based on the premise that life is an ongoing
process of expanding consciousness.
• It is regarded as the evolving pattern of the person and environment.
• Health that is relational and is “patterned, emergent, unpredictable, unitary, intuitive,
and innovative,” rather than a traditional linear view that is “causal, predictive,
dichotomous, rational, and controlling”.
• Health and the evolving pattern of consciousness are the same.
MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
PAT TE RN
• Pattern is information that depicts the whole and understanding of the meaning of all
of the relationships at once.
• Pattern is what identifies an individual as a particular person.
• Characteristics of pattern include movement, diversity, and rhythm.
• According to Newman, “Whatever manifests itself in a person’s life is the
explication of the underlying implicate pattern . . . the phenomenon we call health is
the manifestation of that evolving pattern”.
• Pattern recognition is the “insight or recognition of a principle, realization of a truth,
or reconciliation of a duality” and is “key to the process of evolving to a higher level
of consciousness”.
MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
PAT TE RN
• Newman described a "paradigm shift" in the field of health care: the shift from
treatment of disease symptoms to a search for patterns and the meaning of those
patterns.
• Individual life patterns move “through peaks and troughs, variations in order-
disorder that are meaningful for the person”.
MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
CONSCIOUSNESS
• Consciousness is both the informational capacity of the system and the ability of the
system to interact with its environment.
• Consciousness includes not only the cognitive affective awareness, but also the
“interconnectedness of the entire living system which includes physicochemical
maintenance and growth processes as well as the immune system”.
MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
CONSCIOUSNESS
Three Correlates of Consciousness:
• TIME
• MOVEMENT
• SPACE
• Newman’s implicit assumptions about human nature include being unitary, an open
system, in continuous interconnectedness with the open system of the universe, and
continuously engaged in an evolving pattern of the whole.
THEORETICAL ASSERTION
• Early writings of Newman’s theory focused heavily on the concepts of movement,
space, time and consciousness.
• One proposition was that there was a complimentary relationship between time and
space.
• According to Newman, movement is a “means whereby space and time become a
reality”.
• Movement was also referred to as a “reflection of consciousness”.
• The concept of time is seen as a function of movement.
• Time is also conceptualized as a measure of consciousness.
THEORETICAL ASSERTION
• Space, time, and movement later became linked with Newman’s assertion that the
intersection of movement-space-time represented the person as a center of
consciousness.
• Newman also emphasized that the crucial task of nursing is to be able to see the
concepts of movement-space-time in relation to each other, and consider them all at
once, recognizing patterns of evolving consciousness.
• The theory asserts that every person in every situation, no matter how disordered and
hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness – a
process of becoming more of oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of
reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world.
N U R S I N G M E TA PA R A D I G M
PERSON
• The human is unitary, that is cannot be divided into
parts, and is inseparable from the larger unitary field
• Persons as individuals, and human beings as a species
are identified by their patterns of consciousness
• The person does not possess consciousness-the person
is consciousness
• Persons are “centers of consciousness” within an
overall pattern of expanding consciousness”
• The definition of person has also been expanded to
include family and community.
N U R S I N G M E TA PA R A D I G M
ENVIRONMENT
H E A LT H
• Health is the “pattern of the whole” of a person.
• Health and illness are synthesized as health -
the fusion on one state of being (disease) with
its opposite (non-disease) results in what can be
regarded as health.
N U R S I N G M E TA PA R A D I G M
NURSI NG
Result: This study shows how successfully the theory was applied to coronary heart
disease patients, women with multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis, and pain
during perioperative period. Thus, the theory is effective in all scenarios and provides
the nurse ways to understand patients from varied backgrounds. The nurses played an
important role by help the patients to recognize their pattern and move to a higher level
of consciousness. The nurse-patient relationship built on mutual trust and respect,
which helped both nurses and clients to interact effectively in order to identify their
pattern.
Conclusion: Newman’s theory can be applied in every nursing setting in both
short and long-term interaction with the patient.
ANALYSIS
ACCESSIBILITY IMPORTANCE
• Aspects of the theory were tested with • The focus of Newman's theory of health as
the traditional scientific mode. expanding consciousness provides an
• Quantitative methods are inadequate to evolving guide for all health-related
capture the dynamic, changing nature of discipline.
this theory. A hermeneutic dialectic • In the quest for understanding the
approach was developed and has been phenomenon of health, this unique view of
health challenges nurses to make a
used extensively full of explication of its
difference in nursing practice by the
meaning and application.
application of this theory.
REFERENCES
Alligood, M. (2009). Nursing Theories and Their Work (8th ed.).
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ac_zBjrQRqhOYUJzfDf8mFbfiUD-Ba_Y/view?
fbclid=IwAR3P963VbeD4xEFjkqSLhvm_o9LZKevLDywqHROOTUIlsb_YvxAc_w7IZXc.
Blogspot. (2022, October 20). Retrieved October 20, 2022, from Blogspot.com website:
http://nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2009/07/margaret-newman-rn-phd-faan.html
Necor, J. A. (2014). Margaret Newman’s Health As Expanding Consciousness. Retrieved October 20,
2022, from Slideshare.net website: https://www.slideshare.net/JosephineAnnNecor/06-margaret-
newmans-health-as-expanding-consciousness?fbclid=IwAR3tsmIYB7WMDry5sOpzgR3IJUxofHxr-
zS8jergIKP0Z0Kst4U4TVni6H0