Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PVT Short Course For Cairo University
PVT Short Course For Cairo University
Ahmed Muaz
Khalda Petroleum Company
Contents
Why Study PVT? Objectives of PVT Analysis Types of Reservoir Fluids Differentiation Between the Different Types of
Reservoir Fluids
Oil
Determination of reservoir fluid type Knowledge of physical properties of reservoir fluids Match an EOS to the measured data Creation of PVT models Ultimate recoveries of different components Amounts and composition of liquids left behind Determination of well stream composition
Black Oil
An initial GOR, 1750 SCF/STB or less A 45 API initial stock tank oil gravity or less A dark color of stock tank oil C7+ > 20 mole % Initial Bo of 2 res bbl/STB or less
Volatile Oil
An initial GOR, 1750 SCF/STB or greater A 51.2 API initial stock tank oil gravity A medium orange stock tank oil color C7+ concentration between 19 and 22 mole % Bo 2.0 res bbl/STB or greater
The overall composition of the reservoir fluid becomes heavier as the lighter gas is produced and the heavier condensate remains behind
Wet Gas
An initial GOR > 15,000 SCF/STB API up to 70 initial stock tank oil gravity Water white of tank oil color C7+ concentration <4 mole %
li
ne
Wet gas
De
wp
Critical point
bb l li epo ne in t
oi
nt
% Liquid
2
30
25
Bu
Separator
Temperature
Dry Gas
An initial GOR > 1000,000 SCF/STB Almost no liquid C7+ concentration < 0.7 mole %
l in
Pressure
De w
poi
nt
Dry gas
% Liquid
50
Separator
Temperature
Black Oil
Oil
Gas
Wet C
Critical Point
Pressure
Retrograde Region
Cricondenterm
C Temperature
Black Oil
The evolved gas is a dry gas. The solution gases remain gas phase in the reservoir, tubulars and separator. As reservoir pressure decreases, the gas leaving solution, becomes richer in intermediate components. API gradually decreases during the reservoir life.
Volatile Oil
The evolved gas is a retrograde gas. The evolved retrograde gases release a large amount of. condensate at surface conditions. Often over one half of the stock tank liquid produced during the reservoirs life. API steadily increases with time.
Assume free gas in the reservoir remains gas in the separator Treat a multi component black oil mixture as a twocomponent mixture: gas and oil
Treat mixture as a multi-component mixture Total composition of the production stream is known
Retrograde Gas
GOR increases with time as condensate dropout API increases with time Compositional Mbal should be used in reservoir calculations Conventional gas Mbal can be used above dew point Also, it can be used below dew point if two phase Zfactors are used
RFT, small sample volume and often contaminated MDT, allows controlled drawdown and multiple sample chambers Optical MDT, allows to identify the type of fluid being sampled
Laboratory Tests
Primary tests Routine laboratory tests Special laboratory PVT tests
Primary Tests
API Gas specific gravity Separator gas composition GOR
Isothermal compressibility coefficients of the singlephase fluid in excess of saturation pressure Compressibility factors of the gas phase Total hydrocarbon volume as a function of pressure
Vt
Liquid
Vt
Liquid Liquid
Vt
Hg
Hg
Hg Hg
Liquid Hg
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
Fourth Step
Amount of gas in solution as a function of pressure The shrinkage in the oil volume as a function of pressure Properties of the evolved gas including the composition of the liberated gas, the gas compressibility factor, and the gas specific gravity Density of the remaining oil as a function of pressure
Vo
Liquid
Gas Liquid
Vo
Liquid
Gas Liquid
Vo
Liquid
Hg Hg
Hg Hg
Hg
First step
Rsb =
Gas
scf STB
Gas
scf
Liquid
scf
Separator
resbbl
Hg Hg Stock tank
Liquid STB
Liquid
Bob =
resbbl STB
PVT Reports
Thank You