F.

LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY

IN REMEMBERING AND
FOCUSING
WHAT ARE LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY IN
REMEMBERING AND FOCUSING?

DIFFICULTY IN REMEMBERING
A learner who has difficulty with memory may deficits in registering information
in memory, consolidating information in long-term memory, and retrieving or
accessing information from long-term memory.
Seven normal memory problems
1. Transience
2. Absentmindedness
3. Blocking
4. Misattribution
5. Suggestibility
6. Bias
7. Persistence
 9 Strategies to Enhance Learner’s
Memory
1. Give directions in multiple formats
Students benefit from being given directions in both visual and verbal formats.

2. Teach students to over-learn material

Students should be taught the necessity of "over-learning" new information.

3. Teach students to use visual images and other memory strategies

Another memory strategy that makes use of a cue is one called word substitution.

4. Give teacher-prepared handouts prior to class lectures

Class lectures and series of oral directions should be reinforced by teacher-prepared handouts.

5. Teach students to be active readers

To enhance short-term memory registration and/or working memory when reading, students should underline,
highlight, or jot keywords down in the margin when reading chapters. 
 9 Strategies to Enhance Learner’s
Memory
6.  Provide retrieval practice for students
Taking a test is a retrieval practice the act of recalling information that has been studied from long-term
memory

7. Help students develop cues when storing information

  information is easier retrieved when it is stored using a cue and that cue should be present at the time the
information is being retrieved.

8.  Prime the memory prior to teaching/learning

Cues that prepare students for the task to be presented are helpful. This is often referred to as priming the
memory.

9. Review material before going to sleep

It should be helpful for students to review material right before going to sleep at night.
 DIFFICULTY IN FOCUSING
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
-is a mental health condition that can cause unusual levels of hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors.
-one of the most common mental health disorders in children and affects millions of children across the world.
-ADHD can continue affecting a child's ability to focus through adulthood.

3 TYPES OF ADHD
• Primarily Hyperactive and Impulsive ADHD
-People with hyperactive ADHD feel the need for constant movement.
-This type of ADHD is more recognizable and more often diagnosed in children and men.
• Primarily Inattentive ADHD (formerly called ADD)
-People with inattentive ADHD make careless mistakes because they have difficulty sustaining attention,
following detailed instructions, and organizing tasks and activities.
-Have weak working memory
• Combined Type ADHD
-combined symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
:
 Combined Type ADHD Symptoms:

must exhibit 6 of the 9 symptoms listed for each sub-type.

Hyperactive and Impulsive ADHD Symptoms:

1. Often fidgets or squirms
2. leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
3. Often runs or climbs
4. unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
5. Acting as if always "driven by a motor"
6. talks excessively
7. blurts out an answer before a question has been completed 8. Has difficulty
waiting for his turn
9. interrupts or intrudes on others
 Combined Type ADHD Symptoms:

must exhibit 6 of the 9 symptoms listed for each sub-type.

Inattentive ADHD Symptoms:

1. fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
2. has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
3. does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
4. does not follow through on instructions
5. has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
6. avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental
effort
7. Often loses things
8. easily distracted
9. often forgetful in daily activities
 Here are our top tips on keeping your focus in the
classroom for success in your studies.
1. Make sure you're hydrated and rested
The best way to ensure that you can concentrate in class is nothing to do with what's
actually happening in the classroom; it's about what you do before you head to school.
Specifically, it's about getting enough sleep so that you're not feeling tired, and getting
enough water so that you’re not feeling hydrated.

2. Eliminate distractions
When you lose focus in class, what do you end up doing instead? Do you try to sneak a
look at your phone to see what’s happening on social media? Do you chat with your
friends? Do you just find yourself gazing out of the window? Whatever it is, chances are
it's a source of distraction for you, and you should try to eliminate it.

3. Do work at the right level of difficulty

You want to feel challenged, but not over-taxed. If you have the option of choosing a set
of problems or an essay title for yourself, take the time to assess the difficulty level that's
right for you.
 Here are our top tips on keeping your focus in the
classroom for success in your studies.
4. Think of questions
One way that you can help yourself focus is by thinking of questions. If you don't
know where to start, try thinking like a toddler - interrogate the topic with
questions like who, why, where, when, and how.

5. Get involved in the discussion

Make your thoughts heard. If you're not naturally the sort of person who speaks
up in class, now is the time to change that. Instead of sitting passively while other
people are talking, making sure you participate in class discussions is a good way
to keep concentrating.

6. Take detailed notes

Making notes forces you to digest what you're being told. If you already know
the topic, or you feel that much of what's being said is obvious, or duplicated in
the textbook, you might think that you don't need to bother taking notes.
 Here are our top tips on keeping your focus in the
classroom for success in your studies.
7. Find a source of motivation
With subjects where you don't see the point in trying, do your best to find a
source of motivation.

8. Check for medical difficulties

ADHD, anxiety and depression all take a toll on our ability to pay attention in
class, but may only be identified in more serious cases. Take a look at the
symptoms and if they sound familiar, visit your doctor.

9. Use aids like gum, eyedrops or fidget devices

If it's allowed, use anything you can to keep your focus.