Relations

and
Functions
Week 3 (January 18-22, 2021)
Melc 13
5. Illustrates a relation and
function
6. Verifies if the given relation is
a function
7. Determines dependent and
independent variables
SET is a well-defined
collection of objects.
{pink, blue, red, black, orange, yellow}

{thumb, index, middle, ring, pinky}

{-4, -3, 0, 2, 4,}

 Observe the
following sets.

{(2,4),(5,0),(9,8),(-1,5),(-13,-4)}

{(-2,-4),(-1,-2),(0,0),(1,2),(2,4)}

{(3,2),(2,1),(1,0),(0,-1),(1,2)}
 A relation is a set of ordered pairs.

The domain is the set of all x

values in the relation

{(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)}

This is a
relation

domain = {2,-1,4,9,0} = {-1,0,2,4,9}

These are the x values written in a set from smallest to largest
 A relation is a set of ordered pairs.

The range is the set of all y values

in the relation

{(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)}

This is a
relation

range = {3,5,-2,9,-6} = {-6,-2,3,5,9}

These are the y values written in a set from smallest to largest
{(-1,3), (0,1), (1,-1), (2,-3), (3,-5)}
This is a
relation

domain = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}

range = {-5, -3, -1, 1, 3}

{(-1,3), (0,1), (1,-1), (2,-3), (3,-5)}
This is a
relation
Representation of Relations
1. MAPPING
-1 -5
0 -3
1 -1
2 1
3 3
{(-1,3), (0,1), (1,-1), (2,-3), (3,-5)}
2. ORDERED PAIRS
Representation of Relations

3. TABLE/TABLE OF VALUES

x -1 0 1 2 3
y 3 1 -1 -3 -5
4. GRAPH
A relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1 2
2
IN G 4
3
AP P 6
4
5M 8
10

This relation can be written

ORDERED PAIRS
{(1,6), (2,2), (3,4), (4,8), (5,10)}
 A P H
G R
First Set: Second Set:
Domain( Fourth Correspondence: Range (set of
Year students) Each student’s age positive integers)

Maricel

IN G 16

Marc
AP P
M
Joseph 17

Aiza
15
IDENTIFY THE REPRESENTATION

1 -1

IN G0
3
AP P 1
5M 2

{(1,1), (3,-1), (3,0), (5, 2)}

ORDERED PAIRS
 L E /
B
TA LE O
x -2 2 F-2 2

yAB3
T U
4
E S 5 6

V A L
Representation of a Function
 Types of Relations
One- to - one many –to - one

One- to - many
 Celebrities’
characteristic

Anne Curtis
Sam Pinto
Gorgeous
Kristine Hermosa
Iya Villania

many –to - one

 Celebrity Couple

Kim Chiu Xian Lim

Coleen Garcia Oyo Boy Sotto
Kristine Hermosa Drew Arellano
Iya Villania Billy Crawford

one –to - one

 Anne Curtis

Gorgeous Sam Pinto

Kristine Hermosa
Iya Villania

one –to - many

 ANALYZE
FUNCTIONS NOT a FUNCTION

many – to – one

one – to – many

one – to – one
A function is a rule that gives a single output
number for every valid input number.

Input number Output number

FUNCTION
A function is a rule that gives a single output
number for every valid input number.

Input number Output number

FUNCTION
Can you have two different letters going to one
mail box?
A function is a rule that gives a single output
number for every valid input number.

Input number Output number

Not a FUNCTION

Can you have one letter going to two different

mail boxes?
FUNCTION A relation when each
element of the domain (x) is
FUNCTION
paired with exactly one element
of the range (y).
For every x there is exactly one y.
The x – coordinate cannot be
repeated.
 1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 10
Set A is the Domain Set B is the Range
one –to - one

Function Must use all the x’s

The x value can only be
assigned to one y
 1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
one –to 5
- many 10
2 was assigned both 4 and 10
Is the relation shown above a function? NO
NOT Must use all the x’s
Function The x value can only be
assigned to one y x
 many –to - one
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 10
Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function Must use all the x’s

The x value can only be
assigned to one y
The second condition says each x can have only
one y, but it CAN be the same y as another x gets
assigned to.
many –to - one
1 2 No
re mo x h
x
a
’s ed 2 4 r e as
on tha
All sign 6 as e y n
as 3 sig
ne
4 8 d
5 10
Set A is the domain Set B is the range
This is a function
---it meets our Must use all the
conditions x’s
The x value can only be
assigned to one y
 Determine whether the given
TASK 1
relation is a function or not.

{(2,4),(5,0),(9,8),(-1,5),(-13,-4)}
{(-2,-4),(-1,-2),(0,0),(1,2),(2,4)}
{(3,2),(2,1),(1,0),(0,-1),(1,2)}
x -2 2 -2 2
y 3 4 5 6
 Vertical Line Test (pencil test)
If any vertical line passes through more
than one point of the graph, then that
relation is not a function.
Are these functions?

NOT
FUNCTION! FUNCTION! FUNCTION!
 GRAPHS
ONE TWO/ MORE
Function
POINT VerticalNot Function
POINTS
Line Test
Vertical Line Test

NOT FUNCTION!

FUNCTION!
 Relation and
function

DEPENDENT
AND
INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES
•Can you live
without your
parents?
• Who among
you lives with
their parents?
• Therefore, are
you dependent
or independent
individual?
• If you study
hard, what will
happen?
• If you spend
much of your
allowance, what
will happen?
• If you eat
much, what will
happen?
• If you travelled
long distance,
what will
happen?
• From those given
situations, can you
determine the dependent
and independent
variables? How did you
identify the dependent and
independent variables?
 THINGS TO REMEMBER!

• Dependent variable is a
mathematical variable whose
value is determined by that of
one or more other variables in
a function. It depends on the
independent variable.
 THINGS TO REMEMBER!

• Independent variable is a
mathematical variable that is
independent on the other
variables in an expression or
function and whose value
determines one or more of the
values of the other variables. It
controls the dependent variable.
 THINGS TO REMEMBER!

• The variable x is considered

the independent variable
because any value could be
assigned to it. However, the
variable y is the dependent
variable because its value
depends on the value of x.
 Classify the variables as dependent or
independent.

1.cost of chicken and its

weight
2. income of a worker and
number of hours of work
3. perimeter of a square and
its side
 Classify the variables as dependent or
independent.

1.cost of chicken- dependent

variable
its weight –
independent variable
• income of a worker – dependent variable
• and number of hours of work- independent
variable
• perimeter of square- dependent variable
• Side – independent variable
 TASK #2 Fill in the blanks.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS

1. I
consider the weight of
chicken as a/an ________
variable because it
________ the cost of
chicken.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
 Fill in the blanks.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS

2. I consider the cost if

chicken as a/an ________
variable because it
________ on the weight of
the chicken.
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS
 Fill in the blanks.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS
3. I consider the income of a
worker as a/an _______
variable because it ________
on the number of hours the
worker worked.
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS
 Fill in the blanks.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS

4. I consider the number of

hours worked as a/an
________ variable because
it ________ the income of
the worker.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
 Fill in the blanks.
INDEPENDENT, CONTROLS
DEPENDENT, DEPENDS

5. I consider the perimeter of

a square as a/an ________
variable because it ________
on the length of its side.

DEPENDENT, DEPENDS
 TO DO:
• 1. Activity #1 : What did the baby
Porcupine Say … )
• 2. Answer Activity #2 ( Riddle Time )
• 3. Reflective Journal
• In this lesson, I have understood
that_____________________________
• ________________________________
___________________________.