Insomnia

Insomnia severity index

fraility
SARCOPENIA
ishi
EWGSOP
• Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterised by progressive and
generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of
adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and
death [17, 18]. The EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both
low muscle mass and low muscle function (strength or performance)
for the diagnosis of sarcopenia
• The International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) proposed an
operational definition of sarcopenia in 2009,14 which was targeted to
individuals with functional decline, mobility-related difficulties,
history of recurrent falls, recent unintentional body weight loss,
posthospitalization, and chronic conditions (such as type 2 diabetes,
chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic
kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer), and was more
suitable in clinical settings
AWGS
• Definition low muscle mass plus low muscle strength and/or low physical
performance,
• For the Asian context, sarcopenia can be diagnosed based on the AWGS criteria.
Individuals are screened by measuring both handgrip strength and usual gait speed. Cutt
off score are < 26 kg for men and < 18 kg for women for low handgrip strength, and < 0.8
m/s for 6-meter usual gait speed for both men and women.

• If either are positive, the individual can then be further assessed for loss of lean muscle
mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or bioimpedence analysis (BIA). e
recommended cut-os are 2 standard deviations below the mean muscle mass of young
reference group based on height-adjusted appendicular skeletal mass of 7.0 kg/m2 in
men and 5.4 kg/m2 for women using DEXA, and 7.0 kg/m2 in men and 5.7 kg/m2 in
women using BIA.
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SARC-F

• SARC-F cut-off ≥1 had 91.4% sensitivity and 44.9% specificity. SARC-F cut-off
≥2 presented the best balance between sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity:
74.1% vs. specificity: 73.7%) to identify frailty SARC-F ≥4 had high specificity
of 92.6% with a sensitivity of 46.2%.
• We suggest that SARC-F ≥1 point can be used to screen for frailty with high
sensitivity, and SARC-F ≥4 can be used to diagnose frailty with high specificity.
SARC-F may be used to evaluate frailty in usual geriatric practice.
• For sarcopenia  Sensitivity was 60.0% and specificity of 80.92%.
Conclusion: Our data supports the use of SARC-F as a screening tool that can
be used in community and hospital environments as a quick screening tool.
Insomnia severity index

• sensitivity: 86.4%; specificity: 69.5%

• Validitas berasal dari kata validity yang mempunyai arti sejauh mana
ketepatan dan kecermatan suatu alat ukur dalam melakukan fungsi
ukurnya
• reliabilitas adalah istilah yang dipakai untuk menunjukkan sejauh
mana suatu hasil pengukuran relatif konsisten apabila pengukuran
diulang dua kali atau lebih
• Pendekatan reliabilitas konsistensi internal bertujuan melihat
konsistensi antar item atau antar bagian dalam tes itu sendiri. Untuk
itu, setelah skor setiap item diperoleh dari sekelompok subyek, tes
dibagi menjadi beberapa belahan
• Internal consistency is typically measured using Cronbach's Alpha (α). Cronbach's Alpha ranges from 0
to 1, with higher values indicating greater internal consistency (and ultimately reliability). Common
guidelines for evaluating Cronbach's Alpha are:

• Common guidelines for evaluating Cronbach's Alpha are:

 .00 to .69 = Poor

 .70 to .79 = Fair 

 .80 to .89 = Good 

 .90 to .99 = Excellent/Strong

Conclusions: The simple FRAIL
questionnaire and GFST have the highest
sensitivity