General English

Past perfect
 The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now.
 Itis used to make it clear that one event (Action)
happened before another event (Action) in the past.
 We can use because + past perfect to explain a situation
or give a reason
E.g/ I was happy because I'd finally passed my driving test!
 Form / Subject + had/hadn't + past participle
 Question words +auxiliary (had)+subject+ past participle?
Example
 When I got to the canteen the other students had eaten
all the food , I felt hungry all afternoon because I hadn’t
had lunch, I felt better after I had eaten some chocolate
Past perfect and past simple
 These two tenses are both used to talk about things that
happened in the past. However we use past perfect to
talk about something that happened before another
action in the past, which is usually expressed by the past
simple.
 We use past simple to talk about main events in a story
Plans and intentions
 Going to , planning to
 Going to : talk about what we intend to do in the
future. It can be near future or distant future.
 Planning to : when we have thought carefully about the
plan and decided how to do it.
Examples :
 I am going to be a famous actor.
 What are you planning to say at the meeting.
Would like to , would rather
 Would like to : we use would like to to say what you
want to do. It is less direct than want to and we often
use it to be polite especially in questions.
Examples : I would like to travel round the world one day.
 Would you like to seat the menu?
 Would rather : we use would rather to say we prefer one
thing to another thing.
Examples : Id rather go on a walking holiday.
 Would you rather sit inside (or outside)?
• I would rather not go on …. , not I wouldn’t rather
Thank you