CITIZENSHIP

CITIZENSHIP
•Is the status of
having the rights,
duties, and
privileges of citizen.
• It is being member of a
political structure the
state) where
membership citizenship
as defined by law)
bestows privileges and
imposes obligations.
•The citizen owes
allegiance to an
enjoys the
protection of the
state.
 Attributes of Citizenship

1. It is determined by law;
2.it is more than the
combination of the
privileges and obligations of
a citizen under the law; and
3. It allows for
involvement in
the political
process of the
state.
• Citizenship is both privileges
and an opportunity. While
enjoying the protection of
the state as a citizen, a
person can positively engage
it by working for good
governance and the rule of
law.
Who are considered Filipino Citizens

• Section 1, Article IV of
the 187 Constitution
states that the following
persons are citizens of
the Philippines.
1. Those who are
citizens of the
Philippines at the
time of the adoption
of this Constitution;
2. Those whose
fathers or
mothers are
citizens of the
Philippines;
3. Those born before
January 17, 1973, of
Filipino mothers, who
elect Philippine
citizenship upon
reaching the age of
majority; and
4. Those who
are naturalized
in accordance
with law.
Section 2 of the same Article defines born
citizens as:

1. Those who are citizens of

the Philippines from birth
without having to perform
any act to acquire or perfect
their Philippine citizenship;
and
2. Those who elect
Philippine
citizenship in
accordance with
paragraph (3),
Section 1 above, they must
have been born before
January 17, 1973 of Filipino
mothers, and must have
elected Philippine
citizenship upon reaching
the age of 18.
Bases of Citizenship by Birth

• The two recognized

bases of citizenship by
birth are (1) the land or
place of birth and (2) the
parentage or blood
relations.
Jus soli
•Is the principle of
citizenship based
on the place of
birth
Jus sanguinis
•Is the principle
based on blood
relations.
•The Philippines
follows the jus
sanguinis
principle.
• The US, on the other hand,
adheres to jus soli doctrine.
Under the jus soli doctrine,
a child born in the US of
foreign parents can be
registered as an American
citizen.
Rights and
Obligations of
a Filipino
Citizens
The 1987
Constitution provides
for the rights of a
Filipino Citizen
Article II, Section 9
• The right to adequate
social services,
employment, a rising
standard of living, and
an improved quality of
life.
Article II, Section 15 & 16

• The right to health and

to a balanced and
healthful ecology in
accord with rhythm and
harmony of nature.
 Article II, Section 19

•The right to
effectively
control the
economy
Article II, Section 26
•The right to equal
access to
opportunities for
public service
 The rights enshrined under
Article III of the Constitution

•The Bill of
Rights
Article V, Section 1
• The right to suffrage
for those at least 18
years of age not
otherwise
disqualified by law.
Article VIII, Section 7 (2)

• For a natural born

citizen, the right to be
elected as President,
Vice President, Senator,
Representative.
Loss and
Reacquisition
of Filipino
Citizenship
Citizenship is a political
and civil attribute as
relevant as freedom of
speech, liberty of abode,
right against
unreasonable searches
and seizures,
and other basic
guarantees of the Bill of
Rights, however,
citizenship may be lost
or reacquired in the
manner provided by law.
Loss of citizenship may be occasioned
by the following acts:

1.Naturalization under
the laws of a foreign
country;
2.Renunciation through
an act or omission ;and
•Subscribing to an
oath of allegiance
to support the
Constitution or laws
of a foreign country.
A Dual Citizen or
Immigrant Cannot
be Elected to Public
Office
• Although lost citizenship
may be reacquired under
the dual citizenship law,
those who reacquire
Filipino citizenship cannot
eat their cake and have it
too:
• They still cannot stand
for election to public
officers in the
Philippines unless
they renounce their
foreign citizenship
Dual
Citizenship
Distinguished
from Dual
Allegiance
•The Supreme court
has a fashioned a
distinction between
dual citizenship and
dual allegiance.
• According to the High
Court, the former
arises when, as a
result of the
concurrent application
of the different laws of
two or more states,
•A person is
simultaneously
considered a
national by said
states.
• For instance, such a
situation may arise
when a person, whose
parents are citizens of a
state which adheres to
the principle of jus
sanguinis,
• Is born in a state
which follows the
doctrine of jus soli.
Such a person, ipso
facto and without any
voluntary act on his
• Is currently
considered a citizen of
both states.
Considering the
citizenship clause (Art.
IV) of our constitution,
•It is possible for the
following classes of
citizens of the
Philippines to
posses dual
citizenship:
1) Those born of
Filipino fathers
and/or mothers in
foreign countries
which follow the
principle of jus soli:
2)Those born in the
Philippines of Filipino
mothers and alien fathers
if by the laws of their
father’s country such
children are citizens of
that country; and
3) Those who marry
aliens if by their act
or omission they are
deemed to have
renounce Philippine
citizenship
 Dual Allegiance
• Refers to the situation in
which a person
simultaneously owes, by
some positive act,
loyalty to two or more
states.
•While dual
citizenship is
involuntary, dual
allegiance is the
result of an
individual’s volition.
•Dual Citizenship is
now allowed by RA
No. 9225. Under
Section 3 of RA No.
9225, it is provided:
Section 3. Retention of Philippine
Citizenship

• Any provision of law

to the contrary
notwithstanding,
natural-born citizens
of the Philippines
• Who have lost their
citizenship by reason of
their naturalization as
citizens of a foreign
country are hereby
deemed to have
reacquired
•Philippine
citizenship upon
taking the
following oath of
allegiance to the
Civil and
Political Rights
and
Responsible of
Dual Citizenship
Section 5. of RA No. 9225

Dual citizens enjoy

civil and political
rights and
responsible with:
Section 5. Civil and Political
Rights

• Those who retain or

reacquire Philippine
citizenship under this
Act shall enjoy full civil
and political rights
• And be subject to all
attendant liabilities and
responsibilities under
existing laws of the
Philippines and the
following conditions:
1) Those intending
to exercise their
right of suffrage
must meet the
requirements
under Section 1, Article
V of the Constitution,
Republic Act No. 9189,
otherwise known as the
“ The Overseas
Absentee Voting Act of
2) Those seeking elective
public office in the
Philippines shall meet the
qualifications for holding
such public office as
required by the
Constitution and existing
laws and,
At the time of filing of the
certificate of candidacy,
make a personal and worn
renunciation of any and all
foreign citizenship before
any public officer
authorized to administer an
oath;
3) Those appointed to any
appointed office shall
subscribe and swear to an
oath of allegiance to the
Republic of the Philippines
and its duly constituted
authorities prior to
Their assumption of
office provided that
they renounce their
oath of allegiance to
the country of where
they took that oath;
4) Those intending to
practice their profession
in the Philippines shall
apply with the proper
authority for a license or
permit to engage in such
practice; and
5) That right to vote or
be elected or appointed
to any public office in
the Philippines cannot
be exercised by, or
extended to, those
who:
a) Are candidates for
or are occupying any
public office in the
country of which
they are naturalized
citizens; and/or
b) Are in active service
as commissioned or
non-commissioned
officers in the armed
forces of the country
which they are
naturalized citizens.