Long-lasting effects of COVID-

19
COVID
19
Persons infected with Covid-19 may get mild to moderate
respiratory illnesses, however people with certain illnesses,
such as cancer, kidney disease, or chronic respiratory
illnesses, may occasionally encounter severe infections that
are fatal. (WHO, 2022)

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SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

The social determinants of health (SDOH) refer to the conditions in which people
are born, grow, live, work, and age, and can have a significant impact on an
individual's risk of contracting COVID-19 and the long-term effects of the virus.
Research has shown that individuals from marginalized communities, such as
those living in poverty, people of color, and those with preexisting health
conditions, are more likely to be affected by the virus and to experience severe
illness and death.

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SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

▸ Individuals living in poverty are more likely to live in crowded and unsanitary
conditions, which can increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 and make it more
difficult to self-isolate or quarantine (World Health Organization, 2020).

▸ People of color, particularly Black and Latino communities, have been

disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to a variety of factors, including
structural racism, which can lead to higher rates of chronic health conditions, lack of
access to healthcare, and exposure to pollution and other environmental hazards (CDC,
2020).
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SOCIAL FACTORS:

Poverty Ethnic
Background

Race

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ECONOMIC FACTORS:

JOB
UNEMPLOYMENT
SECURITY

LACK OF ACCESS
TO HEATHCARE

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POLITICAL FACTORS:

INADEQUATE RESPONSE
FROM GOVERNMENT

LACK OF ACCES TO
INFORMATION

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ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS:

AIR POLLUTION

LACK OF ACCES TO GREEN

SPACES

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Structural Violance.

Structural violence refers to the ways in which social structures, such

as economic systems, political systems, and cultural norms, can cause
harm and suffering to individuals and groups (Galtung, 1969).
In the context of COVID-19, structural violence can be seen in the
ways in which social, economic, political, and environmental factors
have contributed to the disproportionate impact of the virus on
marginalized communities
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CONCLUSION
 REFRENCES:
1. World Health Organization. (2020). Social determinants of health and COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240016778
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups and COVID-19. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html
3. National Institutes of Health. (2021). Long COVID: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/health-information/coronavirus
4. World Health Organization. (2021). Long-term Effects of COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240013166
5. European Lung Foundation. (2020). Long-term effects of COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.europeanlung.org/long-term-effects-of-covid-19/
6. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. (2021). Long-term Cardiovascular Consequences of COVID-19
7. World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak.Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240008844
8. Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, Peace, and Peace Research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167-191.
9. World Health Organization. (2020). Social determinants of health and COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240016778
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups and COVID-19. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html

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