Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Objectives
• After going through this module, you are expected to:
• 1. identify the risk factors underlying disasters.
• 2. describe each Risk factors underlying disasters.
• 3. utilize the gained knowledge in real life situations
to avoid harm and assure safety.
• 4. appreciate the importance of understanding the risk
factors underlying disasters to mitigate the effects of
disaster and practice mitigation measures as early as
necessary.

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 • Disaster can affect everyone.
• It does not discriminate between and among

What’s In At Risk…
social classes, gender, creed, race, and
nationality. But certain risk factors put those
affected in a position where they will have
graver or longer-lasting post-disaster stress
reactions. These aggravating factors contribute
to evident differences in the stress reactions of
certain individuals with certain characteristics.

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 Direction: Read the scenario below. Based on your understanding of disaster from the
previous module, enumerate or list down the risks that are reflected from the text.

Situation:
• Gina, an 18-year-old resident of Tacloban
City, just got laid off from her job as a
sales clerk in a medium sized hardware
store. She and her siblings could barely
survive each day with their limited
resources. Then Typhoon Yolanda struck,
it killed her 2 younger sisters. Their home
was destroyed by the storm surge. In her
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barangay alone, 2000 residents were

killed, including her childhood friends
and former playmates.
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 IDENTIFYING RISK
• Identified Risks:
• 1. __________________________________
• 2. __________________________________
• 3. __________________________________
• 4. __________________________________
• 5. __________________________________

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• Introduction
• The Philippines is hazard zone place which always
expose to a various disaster. Specifically, the location of
our country is found within the pacific ring of fire
which is most of the active volcanoes in the world
located and gate way of destructible typhoons, that is
why the Philippines is the most disaster-prone area in
the world.

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 VIDEO SLIDE

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 Concept of hazard
• Concept of Hazard Hazards may cause
disaster. They either increase or decrease the
risk of disasters in a certain community.
Hazards are events that post threat, danger,
or risk to any element exposed of them.
They can strike anywhere and anytime.
Hazards would result to disasters if a
community is left both exposed and
vulnerable to that hazard. It should be
remembered that extreme hazards events are
not always associated with disaster. It is
actually the circumstance of that community
that causes a hazard to bring in disaster. 10
Profiling Hazards Profiling
hazards is essential in
anticipating the possibility of
disasters of a certain hazard can
put up. They are advantageous
in planning for a disaster
specifically if the same strikes
are likely bringing by a hazard
that common in a certain
community.

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Magnitude or Strength of the Event
The strength of the hazard can be evaluated by the measurements obtained
from technological instrument. Occasionally, measuring can range depending on
the stating tables used per area or country.
Learning Module in DRR
For instance, magnitude 5.0 on high is considered high scale in
PHIVOLCS). Floods reaching 1.0-meter is should considered high-scale.
Typhoons with winds up to 150 kph are expected to be strong and distractible.

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Frequency
The frequency of the hazard to arise in an
area is relevant because it tells its
proneness to that hazard. This is
commonly, but not constantly identified in
geographical region. For example,
earthquake in the Philippines according to
PHIVOLCS coastal place may be
frequented by storm surges if it belongs to
the typhoon belt. Coastal place may be
frequented by flooding, and not storm
surges, if its topography or level of ground
is lower than the sea level. Usually,
government agencies record frequencies of
natural hazard occurrences to see any
patterns to serve as tools in preparing for a
disaster.
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Duration Impact
The bounce of hazards varies in period of
duration. The evaluation of the duration is
either short or long. In earthquakes for
example, the period of shaking, trembling, and
even the aftershocks are documented. If this
event happened in a period of more than a
minute, the earthquake is expected to be long.
Another example is the volcanic eruption that
can extend for days. The evaluation of this
duration can have implications on how
comprehensive preparation activities should be
and even the post disaster plans.

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Casualty of the Events
The strike of hazards can also be evaluated based on
the causality of events, that is, whether the exposed
element receives the likely disaster directly
or indirectly. Sometimes, other elements that are not
apparently present in the place of event also suffer
some intensity of consequences because all
communities
interact within and away from their territory.
Communities and nature are compelling such that
interrelationship and mobility make possible a chain
reaction of varying effects. Because the impacts of
hazards vary from place to
place and season to season, it is important to assess
the impact of every hazard so that similar events in
the future may be prevented.

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Hazard Prone Area A hazard-
prone area is a place where a
natural hazard is often to happen
if preventive measures are not
complete. Due to its geography
position, the Philippines are
considered hazard prone area
and natural disasters as well. It
is located along the Pacific Ring
of Fire, an area surrounding the
basin of the Pacific Ocean
where many volcanoes have
located.
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 FACT
• Fact! Not all hazards bring
disastrous impact. Accurate
warnings about the strength of a
hazards or immediate action on
putting out a hazard can greatly
decrease the heavy potential effects
of these events.

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Different Perspective
of Disaster
•
Physical disaster: When a
physical phenomenon Click icon to add picture
affects the normal habits
of the human, then it is
called a physical disaster.

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Different Perspective
of Disaster
Psychological disaster:
Trouble faced by the Click icon to add picture
human due to the
event causing
extensive mental and
physical problems is
called a psychological
disaster.
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Different Perspective
of Disaster
Socio-cultural economic
disaster: When the
economic level of the Click icon to add picture
different field or single
field drive down
because of an event,
then it is said to be the
economic disaster.

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Different Perspective
of Disaster
Political disaster: Any
action appears in a
country affects a Click icon to add picture
group of people or
globally is called the
political disaster.

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Different Perspective
of Disaster
Biological disaster: The living
organisms exposed to the problems with
the toxic and biological infection like
substances in extent numbers is called
the biological disaster Click icon to add picture
Biological disasters are natural
scenarios involving disease,
disability or death on a large
scale among humans,
animals and plants due to
micro-organisms like
bacteria, or virus or toxins.

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 . Man-made hazard
• 2. Natural Hazards are those that are causes by the
• Two Type of Hazard
• 1. Man-made hazard, also called human
hazards and those caused by factors that are
commonly fragmented to human errors, failure
or defect in technology. These comprise with a
bomb explosions, chemical spills, nuclear
blast, radioactive emissions, and conflict. If
you have observed, these situations are all
produced by progressing technology and
behavior of humans. The extended
development of technology brings more
hazards not also to those who create, but also
to the environment.
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Natural Hazards
elements in the environment. These are natural act
that may not be regulated by humans like
tournedos, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis,
typhoons, wildfires and landslide. Natural Hazards
are unavoidable. They are part of the earth history.
Geologic mechanism such as earthquakes is one of
the examples of natural hazard. Earthquakes are
natural events that also called natural hazards
because of the ability of destroying the
environment and loss of human lives. Other
examples of natural hazards include volcanic
eruptions, flash floods, storm surges, and asteroid
impacts.
THANK YOU!