EARTH SYSTEMS

THE FOUR SPHERES OF THE

EARTH
BRANCHES OF ASTRONOMY

1. Astrophysics – studies the physical nature of stars and other

celestial bodies
2. Celestial Mechanics- deals with calculations of the motion of
celestial objects
3. Cosmology- study of the origin and development of the universe
 SDIOROETEM

Interplanetary rocks smaller than asteroids.

 RISTEREOMET

What do you call to a meteroids that hit the earth’s

surface?
 CLGYOOSM

Branch of astronomy that studies the origin of the

universe.
EARTH
• characterized by its blue waters, rocky brown and
green land masses
• third planet
• Fifth largest planet in the solar system
• 75% of its surface is covered by water
FOUR SPHERES OF THE EARTH

• GEOSPHERE
• HYDROSPHERE
• ATMOSPHERE
• BIOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
• makes up the solid portion of the Earth
• from a Latin name Geo means ground
• Consists of 3 major layers dense metallic core, less
dense rocky mantle, and less dense surface crust
INNER CORE

• 750 miles thick

• Exceedingly hot, dense huge metal of mostly Iron
• Temperature is 5,000 C to 6,000 C
OUTER CORE
• second largest layer of our planet
• About 1400 miles thick
• Composed of iron, alloy and nickel
• Temperature is 4,500 C to 5,500 C
MANTLE ( ACCOUNTS THE BIG
VOLUME OF THE EARTH)
UPPER MANTLE LOWER MANTLE
• solid outer part of the • Layer beyond 100 km
planet with a depth of • So hot that the rock is
100 km. not stable, soft, plastic
• Cool, strong and hard and flows slowly like
• Composed of Fe, O, Si, cold honey
Mg, and Al • composed Fe, O, Mg
• Tectonic activities and Al
CRUST

• outermost layer
• Composed of entirely of solid rock
HYDROSPHERE

• liquid water component of the Earth which

circulates among oceans, continents, glaciers and
the atmosphere.
• Ocean is 71% of the earth that contains 97.5% of
water.
• 1.8% of Earth’s water is frozen called Cryosphere
• 97% form of oceans and the rest freshwater
ATMOSPHERE

• is made up of N and O and smaller amounts of Ar,

CO2 and other gases.
HOW ATMOSPHERE SUPPORTS LIFE?
• animals need O and plants need both CO2 and O.
• Regulating the climate
• Air acts as blanket and filter
• Wind transports heat from equator towards the poles,
cooling equatorial regions and warming temperate
and polar zones.
PARTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
• starts at the Earth’s
surface and extends 8
to 14.5 km high
• Densest part
• Almost all weather
types are in this region
• plane
STRATOSPHERE
• extends up to 50 km high
• ozone layer is located
 absorbs and scatters the
solar UV
• Weather balloon
• convenient for flying of
the planes (to avoid
turbulence)
MESOSPHERE

• extends up to 85 km
• burns up most meteors
and asteroids before
they are able to reach
the earth's surface.
THERMOSPHERE
• extends up to 600 km
above mesosphere
• UVcauses photoionization
/photodissociation of
molecules, creating ions
in the ionosphere
• Aurora and satellites
occur
 IONOSPHERE

• abundant layers of
electron, ionized atoms
and molecules
• From 48 km to 965km
• Radio communication
possible
EXOSPHERE
• from the top of the
thermosphere up to
10,000 km
• where many satellites
orbit the Earth
WHAT IS THE HOTTEST LAYER
OF THE EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE?
• few molecules and atoms in the thermosphere,
even absorbing small amounts of solar energy can
significantly increase the air temperature, making
the thermosphere the hottest layer in the
atmosphere
WHAT IS THE COLDEST PART
OF THE ATMOSPHERE?

• As the mesosphere extends upward above

the stratosphere, temperatures decrease. The
coldest parts of our atmosphere are located in this
layer and can reach –90°C.
AURORA BOREALIS FORMATION
 BIOSPHERE

• zone of life
• Part that life inhabits
• Existed 3.5 billion years
WHAT IS THE EARLIEST FORMS WHICH
CAN SURVIVED WITHOUT OXYGEN

• PROKARYOTES
• Unicellular
microorganisms that
lack nucleus and
membrane bound
organelle such as
Achaea
EACH OF THESE SPHERES IS ALSO
CONSIDERED A SYSTEM BECAUSE
THEY ARE ALWAYS MOVING AND
BEING RECYCLED.
• In the biosphere the life forms have a lifespan
and when they die they provide nourishment
for other organisms.
• In the geosphere, the rocks are endlessly being
broken down, then recycled into new rocks.
• In the hydrosphere, the water is endlessly
moving, changing states and becoming
refreshed.
• In the atmosphere, the air is continually rising,
falling and mixing.
THE SPHERES / SYSTEMS ARE
ENDLESSLY INTERACTING.
Can you think of ways that they interact?
 HOW ABOUT THE BIOSPHERE AND THE
HYDROSPHERE?

• All living things require water

to live.
• Many animals live in the
water.
• Animals like beavers can alter
the path of the water.
DESCRIBE THE SPHERES / SYSTEMS THAT
ARE INTERACTING.
DESCRIBE THE SPHERES / SYSTEMS THAT
ARE INTERACTING.
DESCRIBE THE SPHERES / SYSTEMS THAT ARE
INTERACTING.
****END***
REVIEW:

• One of the 4 spheres of the Earth

where life inhabits
REVIEW:

• It is the Hottest layer of the

atmosphere
REVIEW:

• 3 Layers of the geosphere.

REVIEW:

• Layer of atmosphere where ozone

layer can be found.
REVIEW:

• Minor layer of the atmosphere

where charge particles are present.
REVIEW:

• Major spheres of the Earth.

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 1 (ES):
ORAL REPORTING
CRITERIA: Content 50% Cooperation 25% Interaction 25%
GROUP 1 minerals
GROUP 2 igneous
GROUP 3
sedimentary
• GROUP
Oral REPORTING
4
metamorphic
PERFORMANCE TASK #1

• ROLE PLAYING ABOUT THE INTERACTION OF THE 4 SPHERES OF THE EARTH

• CRITERIA:
CREATIVITY 50%
EDUCATIONAL CONTENT 30%
PROPS/COSTUMES: 15%
ORGANIZATION: 5%
---MINIMUM OF 5 MINUTES.
DATE- JULY 18, 2019