CHEMICAL

BONDING
WEEK 1
M RS . L E I LA E . B ON
OBJECTIVES

7 Most essential competency

Recognize different types of compounds
(ionic or covalent) based on their properties
such as melting point , hardness , polarity, and
electrical and thermal conductivity
1. Which of the properties of atoms is the most
suitable reference for the kind of bond
that will take place between/among them?
a. atomic size b. electronegativity
c. ionization energy d. electron affinity
2. What kind of particle is produced after covalent
bonding?
a. atom b. molecule
c. ion d. electron
3. How does ionic bonding take place?

a. Two non-metallic elements of different kinds form strong

forces of attraction.
b. Two non-metallic element of the same kind form strong
forces of attraction.
c. A non-metallic element like fluorine is attracted to a
metallic element like sodium.
d. A metallic element like sodium transfers an electron to a
non-metallic element
4. What kind of chemical bond will form between
two oxygen atoms?

a. ionic bond b. metallic bond

c. polar covalent bond d. nonpolar covalent bond
5. Which of the following type of bonds will have
the highest electrical and thermal
conductivity?
a. ionic bond b. metallic bond
c. polar covalent bond d. nonpolar covalent bond
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
What was the score you obtained?

If you got all the answers correctly, great job! It only shows that you are
knowledgeable when it comes to our topic . But it does not mean you
know everything about the topic, you can still learn a lot as we go ahead
of the topic.

If you fail to get a high score, do not worry. Do not be bothered. Take it
lightly. Remember, we are just starting. You will be able to catch up if
you do your part. This module will help you recognize the different
types of compounds . For the meantime, take time to study, focus and
comprehend so that you will be able to answer all the questions in the
activities that lie ahead.
 01 02
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
WHAT IS A
Chemical Bond?
Chemical Bond?

03
HOW ARE
Ionic and Covalent 04
Compounds DIFFERENT PRACTICE EXERCISE
 HOW TO IDENTIFY IF
THE ELEMENT IS METAL
OR NON METAL
01
WHAT IS A

Chemical Bond?
CHEMICAL BOND

is a force that holds groups of two or more

atoms together and makes them function as a
unit
CHEMICAL BOND

is the physical phenomenon of chemical

substances being held together by the
attractions of atoms to each other through
sharing, as well as exchanging of electrons or
electrostatic force
What causes this forces?

Bonds are formed when constituent atoms

come close enough together such that the
outer electrons of one atom are attracted to
the positive nuclear charge of its neighbor.
Why form chemical bonds?

Atoms interact with one another to form

aggregates such as molecules, compounds,
and crystals because doing so lowers the total
energy of the system ; that is, the aggregates
are more stable than the isolated atoms
Why form chemical bonds?
Many atoms become stable when their
outermost shell is filled with electrons or
when they satisfy the octet rule ( by having
eight electrons in their outermost shell)
Why form chemical bonds?

Molecular bonding and structure play the

central role in determining the course of
chemical reactions, many of which are vital
to our survival
Both graphite and diamond are composed solely of
carbon atoms. However, graphite is soft, slippery
material used in pencils, and diamond is one of the
hardest known materials known, valuable both as a
gemstone and in industrial cutting tools
02
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
Chemical Bond?
What are the different types of chemical bond and how are each type formed?
The type of bonding is
determined by how the
outermost electrons of an
atom, the so-called valence
electrons interact with
neighboring atoms.
The position of an element
in the periodic table
determines the type of
bond it makes
 Non Metals

Metals
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND

IONIC BOND

Results from the transfer of electrons

from one element to another

COVALENT BOND

Results from the sharing of electrons

between two atoms
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND

IONIC BOND

Form between a metal and a nonmetal

COVALENT BOND

Formed when two nonmetals combine

; also formed when a metalloid bond
to a nonmetal
IONIC BOND

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed

through the transfer of one or more electrons
from one atom or group of atoms to another
atom or group of atoms
IONIC BOND

When sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride,

electros are transferred from the sodium atoms to the chlorine
atoms to form Na- and Cl- ions, which then aggregate to form
solid sodium chloride.
 IONIC BOND

Lewis Dot Symbol

1. NaCl
2. MgO
3. CaCl2
IONIC BOND
COVALENT BOND

is a chemical bond formed through

sharing of one or more pairs of electrons
between two atoms
COVALENT BOND

When hydrogen atoms are close together, the two electrons are
simultaneously attracted to both nuclei. The electron probability
increases between the two nuclei indicating that the electrons are
shared by the two nuclei
COVALENT BOND

Lewis Dot Diagram

1. H2
2. Cl2
3. HCL
TYPES OF COVALENT BOND

POLAR COVALENT

Electrons are unequally shared by the

atoms and spend more time close to
one atom than the other

NON-POLAR COVALENT

Forms between two atoms of the same

element, or between atoms of different
elements that share electrons more and
less equally
COMMON COVALENT COMPOUNDS
03
HOW ARE
Ionic and Covalent
Compounds DIFFERENT
IONIC VS COVALENT BOND

CONDUCTIVITY
Is the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat pass
through a material

Ionic Low conductivity

Covalent Very low conductivity

HARDNESS
Is the resistance of a material to deformation of an indenter of
specific size and shape under known load

Ionic Hard because of its crystalline structure

Covalent Not very hard , though exceptions are silicon, diamond and carbon
IONIC VS COVALENT BOND

MELTING POINT

The temperature at which a material changes from solid to a liquid

BOILING PONT

Temperature at which a material changes from liquid to gas

Ionic high
Covalent low
IONIC VS COVALENT BOND

MALLEABILITY
the state of being shaped, as by
hammering or pressing into thin sheets

Ionic Non-malleable
Covalent Non-malleable

DUCTILITY
the capacity to undergo a change
of physical form without breaking

Ionic Non-ductile
Covalent Non-ductile
IONIC VS COVALENT BOND

VOLATILITY

Tendency of a substance to evaporate at a normal temperature

Ionic Low
Covalent High

SOLUBILITY

Ability for a given substance, the solute to dissolve in a solvent

Ionic Usually soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents such as

alcohol, benzyne propane etc.
Covalent Usually insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as
alcohol, benzene, propane etc.
04
PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Sample A has a boiling point of
1,049 0C, whereas sample B boils at
78 0C. In addition, sample A is
soluble in water, whereas Sample B
is soluble in organic solvents. Which
between the two is an ionic
compound?
1. Sample A has a boiling point of
1,049 0C, whereas sample B boils at
78 0C. In addition, sample A is
soluble in water, whereas Sample B
is soluble in organic solvents.
Which between the two is an ionic
compound?
2. Methane melts at -182 0C,
whereas Sodium Fluoride melts at
993 0C. Both are poor conductors of
electricity and heat. However,
methane is highly volatile , while
sodium Fluoride Which between the
two is a covalent compound?
3. Is Phosphorous Trichloride (PCl3)
an ionic compound or covalent
compound?