Engine Design (MV4132)

Preliminary Design Analysis

Example-1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine

•Problem
• Establish preliminary specifications for a passenger automobile with a nominal rating of
200 bhp. Specifications are include number of cylinders, bore, stroke, fuel economy at
rating speed and compression ratio

•Given Data
• Application- For Passenger Automobile

• Power rating- 200bhp

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
Referred Referred
S.N. Determine parameter Formula Assumption Selected/Determined Value
Table Figure
1 Type of Service Table-10.1 - - - Road vehicle
2 Requirement of Engine Table 10.2 - - -- Passenger Automobile Engine
3 Type of Fuel - Figure-4-7 - - Regular-Gasoline
- Stoichiometric Fuel-Air Ratio(F’)
4 Properties of Fuel Table 4.1 - - Heat of Combustion(Qcv)
5 Type of Engine - - - - 4-Stroke, SI, WC, NA
6 Power Rating - - - - 200 bhp
7 Compression Ratio Table 10.6 Figure 10.1 SI has 8-11 rc=10
For SI (0.8-1.2)
8 Actual (Trapped) F/A For CI (0.5-0.8)
9 Fuel Air cycle Efficiency - Figure 0.1 - @ &

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
S.N. Determine parameter Referred Referred Formula Assumption Selected/Determined Value
Table Figure

10 Relative Efficiency - Fig 10.7 @ 0.85

11 Indicated thermal Efficacy - - = --

push rod type value ( 1 Inlet
12 Valve characteristics speed Table 10.6 Fig 10.1 & 1 exhaust per Cy)l 3500 ft/min

13 Piston Speed - - & =1

14 Inlet pr. and Temp. - Fig 6.14 - =14.7 psi and =0.96 X 14.7=14 psi
= 60 oF (520oR)
Inlet pr (allowing humidity
15 effect) - Fig 6.2 - @ h=0.001 &

16 Inlet Air density - -

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
Referred Referred
S.N. Determine parameter Table Figure Formula Assumption Selected/Determined Value

17 Exhaust pressure - - -
18 Best Vol. Efficiency - Fig- 6.27 - @z=0.5 and Cam C

19 Base Vol. Efficiency - Fig-4-7 - For long inlet pipe , =1.08(0.83)=0.9

Base Eng at , =6, Ti=560
20 Actual Vol. Efficiency - - =0.872
21 Indicated M.E.P. - - J=778/144 & =1 159 psi
22 Base Friction M.E.P. - Fig. 10.10 - @ 37 psi
23 Corrected Friction M.E.P. - Fig 9.31 +x(-) +y( x=0.13 and y=0.028 =39psi
24 Brake M.E.P - -
25 Piston Area - - =33,000 & n=2

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
Selected/Determined Value
Referred Assumption
S.N. Determine parameter Formula
Table/Fig For I-6 For V-8

26 Bore Diameter - -

27 Length of Cyl. Block - Cyl spacing=1.2B

28 No. of Cylinder - - - - V-8 selected

S= 0.8*4.08 S= 0.8*3.54
29 Stroke Length - =3.26” (82.91 mm) =2.88” (73 mm)

30 Displacement Volume -

31 Engine Speed - -
= 1.5 =1.5 (257) = 1.5 =1.5 (226.6)
32 Weight of the Engine Table 10.7 = 1.5
= 386 ibm(175 kg) = 341 ibm(155 kg)

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
S.N. Determine parameter Referred Referred Formula Assumption Selected/Determined Value
Table Figure
33 Exhaust pressure - - -
18 Best Vol. Efficiency - Fig- 6.27 - @z=0.5 and Cam C

19 Base Vol. Efficiency - Fig-4-7 - For long inlet pipe , =1.08(0.83)=0.9

Base Eng at , =6, Ti=560
20 Actual Vol. Efficiency - - =0.872
21 Indicated M.E.P. - - J=778/144 & =1 159 psi
22 Base Friction M.E.P. - Fig. 10.10 - @ 37 psi
23 Corrected Friction M.E.P. - Fig 9.31 +x(-) +y( x=0.13 and y=0.028 =39psi
24 Brake M.E.P - -
25 Piston Area - - =33,000 & n=2

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
S.N. Determine parameter Referred Referred Formula Assumption Selected/Determined Value
Table Figure
33 Brake Thermal Efficiency - -

34 Brake Specific Fuel

- - - =0.553 lbm/hp.hr
consumption
Brake Specific Fuel
35 consumption - - =0.42 lbm/hp.hr

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
Selected/Determined Value
Referred Assumption
S.N. Determine parameter Formula
Table/Fig For I-6 For V-8

33 Brake Thermal Efficiency - -

27 Length of Cyl. Block - Cyl spacing=1.2B

28 No. of Cylinder - - - - V-8 selected

S= 0.8*4.08 S= 0.8*3.54
29 Stroke Length - =3.26” (82.91 mm) =2.88” (73 mm)

30 Displacement Volume -

31 Engine Speed - -
= 1.5 =1.5 (257) = 1.5 =1.5 (226.6)
32 Weight of the Engine Table 10.7 = 1.5
= 386 ibm(175 kg) = 341 ibm(155 kg)

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 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine

•Summary
• Preliminary Specifications are
• Application: Road Vehicle – Passenger Automobile Engine
• Engine Type: 4-Cycle, SI, WC and NA
• Type of Fuel: Regular Gasoline
• Compression ratio,

• Fuel-Air Ratio =0.08

• Engine Power output= 200 bhp 149.2 kW

• Engine Torque =180.3 ft lb = 244.45 Nm

• Piston Speed =14.2 m/s
• Engine Speed = 5834 RPM 5834 RPM
Department of Motor Vehicle Enginneering 10
 Example -1
Un Supercharged 4 Stroke SI Automotive Engine
•Summary
• Indicated thermal Efficiency –

• Indicated Brake Efficiency –

• Volumetric Efficiency 0.872

• Inlet Air Density: lbm/ft3 1.12 kg/m3

• Brake M.E.P.

• Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (

• Bore Diameter (3.54 “) =90 mm

• Stroke Length (2.88”) S=73 mm

• Length of Cylinder Block 17 “ L=43 mm

• N

• Displacement Volume

• Weight of the Engine ( W= 155 kg

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Engine Design (MV4132)
Preliminary Design Analysis

Example-2
Un Supercharged Diesel Engine

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 Example -2
Un Supercharged Diesel Engine

•Problem
• Compare cylinder size and performance of 4-stroke and 2-stroke loop scavenged engine, 300 bhp for use
in motor trucks. Both engines to be V-12, un supercharge. Rating is to be maintained up to 5000 ft. (1525
m), 70 oF and ambient temperature (530 oR, 295 oK)

•Given Data
• Application- Motor Truck Vehicle

• Power rating- 300bhp

• Type of Engine 4-C and 2-cycle, NA and V-12

• Operating condition: Altitude=5000 ft and To=530 oR

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 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine

•Application
• Given: Motor Truck

• Using Table 10.1: Class: Road vehicle Service: Heavy (long distance) Commercial Truck

•Requirement of the Engine

• Using Table 10.2
Service Very Important Moderately Important Less Important
Engine for Commercial Reliability Weight First Cost
Vehicles, light Marine & Fuel Economy Bulk
industrial use Low Maintenance Low noise & Vibration
Long Life

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 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine

•Type of Fuel
• Light Diesel Oil is selected

•Properties of the Fuel

• Using Table 4.1

Liquid Fuel Chem. Formula Mol. Weight Sto. Fuel-Air ratio (F’) Heat of Combustion
(Btu/lbm)
•Type ofLightEngine
Diesel Oil C12H26 30.5 0.0666 18250

• Naturally Aspirated, 4-stroke CI Water Cooled V-12

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 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine

•Power Rating
• 300 bhp ------------ Given

•Compression ratio
• Using Table 10.8 (Automobile Diesel Engines )
• All Engines have Compression ratio 15 < ------- 17 is selected
• Referring Table 2.1 from Heywood Book For NA truck engines Comp. ratio is varying b/n 16-22

•Calculation of Fuel-Air ratio

• Assume the Trapped Relative Fuel-Air Ratio (-------- for CI Engines Vary( 0.5-0.8 ) Lean
Mixture to ensure lean combustion
• The trapped Fuel-Air Ratio () will be 16
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 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine

•Indicated Thermal Efficiency ()

• Using Figure 10.9
• @ and

• For Diesel Engine Max. Ind. Effi. (D) curve

•Piston Speed
• Using Table 10.7 (Automobile Diesel Engines )
Heat of Combustion
Make Piston Sped (ft/min) Value Char. Speed Sto. Fuel-Air ratio (F’) (Btu/lbm)
Mercedes Benz 2310 2400 0.0666 18250

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 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine
•Piston Speed
• Using Table 10.7 (Automobile Diesel Engines )

Selected value
= 10.16 m/s

Make Piston Sped Value Char. S/B Cyl Arr. and No. Rated bhp
(ft/min) Speed (ft/min)
Mercedes Benz 2310 2400 0.96 I-4 60
Mitsubishi 2480 2310 1.07 I-6 95
Mack End 2000 190 1.1 V-8 300

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 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine
•Indicated M.E.P.

• =
• = 106 psi (7.3 bar)
•Friction M.E.P
• Using Figure 10.10
• @ and Open chamber diesel
• psi
• Using Figure 9.31 to find the correction factors
• X=0.5 and y=1

• = 34+0.5(14.7-12.2)+(106-100)
• = 35 psi
•Brake M.E.P.
19
• = 71 psi (4.89 bar)
 Example -2
Un Supercharged 4- Stroke Diesel Engine
•Piston Area 300 ∗ 4 ∗33000 2
• 𝐴𝑝 = =278.9 𝑖𝑛 Brake Thermal Efficiency
71 ∗2000
•Bore Diameter
( )
bmep
( )
71

√
′ ′
ηb =η i =0.47 = 0.315
4∗278 2
i mep 106
𝐵= =5.43𝑖𝑛
•Stroke length. 12 𝜋 Brake Specific Fuel consumption
• Assume
•Displacement Volume 𝑆=0.8 × 5.43=4.35 ′ ′
= 0.443 lbm/hphr

𝑉 𝑑 =278.9 × 4.35=1213.7 𝑖𝑛3

•Engine Speed
Indicated Specific Fuel consumption
6 S p 6 ∗ 2000
N= = =2759 rpm
S 4.35
•Weight = 0.296 lbm/hp.hr
• Using Table 10.8,
• w/Vd=2.6 W=2.6 ×1213.7=3155.6 𝑙𝑏𝑚
20