Electric vehicles

PRESENTED BY:

MOHAMED ZAGHDOUDI
MOHAMED KHALIL JELLIBI
SIWAR ILAFALAH
KHOULOUD HAMDI
YOSRI KHARDENI
 ABSTRACT

• Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising technology for achieving a

sustainable transport sector in the future, due to their very low to
zero carbon emissions, low noise, high efficiency, and flexibility
in grid operation and integration.
 introduction
• The electrical and electronic systems of the motor
vehicle are often the most feared, but at the same
time can be the most fascinating aspects of an
automobile. The complex circuits and systems now
in use have developed in a very interesting way. Henry Ford’s first car, the Quadricycle

For many historical developments it is not possible to be certain

exactly who ‘invented’ a particular component, or indeed when, as
developments
were taking place in parallel, as well as in series.
It is interesting to speculate on who we could call
the founder of the vehicle electrical system.
 A chronological history
• 600 BC Thales of Miletus discovers static electricity by rubbing amber with fur.
• 1672 Otto Von Guerick invented the first electrical device, a rotating ball of sulphur
• 1742 Andreas Gordon constructed the first static generator
• 1800 The first battery was invented by Alessandro Volta.
• 1825 Electromagnetism was discovered by William Sturgeon.
• 1831 Faraday discovered the principles of induction.
• 1860 Lenoir built an internal-combustion gas engine.
• 1885 The motor car engine was developed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz.
• 1886 Daimler fitted his engine to a four-wheeled carriage to produce a four-wheeled
motorcar.
• 1888 Professor Ayrton built the first experimental electric car.
• 1891 Panhard and Levassor started the present design of cars by putting the
engine in the front.
• 1899 First speedometer introduced (mechanical).
• 1948 UK manufacturers start to use 12 V electrical system.
• 1958 The first integrated circuit was developed.
• 1967 Electronic speedometer introduced.
• 1974 The first maintenance free breakerless electronic ignition was produced.
• 1993 A Japanese electric car reached a speed of 176 kph.
Future electronic systems
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES!

• You must have come across different types of electrics in the

market. Some are fully electric while some are electric with ic
engines. So what exact categories do they fall into? The electric
vehicles are differentiated into three basic categories: Battery
Electric Vehicles(BEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle(PHEV)
and Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV). Let’s dive deeper into the
world of types of electric vehicles.
 Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
• These are the ones which you call a fully electric vehicle. This electric
vehicle type does not contain any other source of actuation other than
motors and batteries. There is zero-emission in these vehicles. The
battery is charged through an external source of power such as DC fast
charger or AC chargers.
On average, the BEVs take around 8 hours to get fully charged using an
AC charger. This time can be reduced to 1 hour using a DC fast charger.
These electric vehicles have a range from 250kms to 500kms depending
upon the battery capacity and the motor. Some of the 4-wheeler BEVs in
India are Tata Nexon EV, Hyundai Kona Electric, Mahindra eKUV100,
MG ZS EV and more
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
(HEV)
• These type of electric vehicles are powered by both, fuel as well
as electricity. The electricity is generated by the vehicle’s own
braking system. The heat produced by the brakes is converted into
electrical energy. This process of conversion is called
Regenerative Braking.
The electric motor is used to start off the HEVs. Then the
propulsion is taken care of by the IC engine. This ensures better
fuel economy. The operation of the engine as well as the motor is
controlled by the ECU.
PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
(PHEV)

• These are types of hybrid electric vehicles which can recharge the
batteries through regenerative braking or through the external
source of power. The HEVs travel about 3-4kms before the engine
is switched on, PHEVs can go up to 65kms before the engine
provides the required assistance for the propulsion of the vehicle.
PHEV options available in India are Mahindra e-Verito, BMW i8
and the Volvo XC90 T8.
Honda FCX Clarity
 AN OVERVIEW OF THE VEHICLE:
• Zero harmful emissions – the only exhaust emission is water vapour
• The car generates its electricity on-board using compressed hydrogen as an
• energy carrier.
• Crash tested and safety tested to the same standard as a conventional car.
• Range equivalent to a conventional petrol or diesel car.
• Improvement in fuel cell stack technology over previous versions – 180 kg
lighter, 45% smaller than previous versions.
• Lithium ion battery – 40% lighter and 50% smaller than previous versions.
• Start up at –30°C possible.
• An efficiency rating of around 60% (this is about three times that of a petrol engined car,
twice that of a hybrid vehicle, and 10% better than the previous model).
Honda FCX Clarity features and operation
 How power is managed
Startup and acceleration
• Power supplied to the motor from the fuel cell stack is supplemented
with electricity from the battery for powerful acceleration

Gentle acceleration and cruising

• he vehicle operates on electricity from the fuel cell stack alone,
for fuel-efficient, high speed cruising.
Deceleration
The motor acts as a generator, converting the kinetic energy normally
wasted as heat during braking into electricity for storage in the battery,
which also stores excess electricity produced by the fuel cell stack.
WITH AN ELECTRIC MOTOR, INSTANT TORQUE
IS AVAILABLE AT ANY SPEED. THE ENTIRE
ROTATIONAL FORCE OF THE MOTOR IS
AVAILABLE THE INSTANT THE ACCELERATOR
IS PRESSED. PEAK TORQUE STAYS CONSTANT
TO ALMOST 6000 RPM, ONLY THEN DOES IT
START TO SLOWLY ROLL-OFF

With an electric motor, instant torque is available at any speed

As we can see that there is a great development in the automotive
industry
especially in the electric car sector,
and as we can understand from this presentation
, the electric motor has better performance then the combustion
engine,
that's why we decided to prepare a electric vehicle conception
with four motors