Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spanish Period
Spanish Period
Spanish Period
Plaza Roma, is
one of two major public squares in
Intramuros, Manila. It is bounded by Andres
Soriano Avenue (formerly Calle Aduana) to
the north, Cabildo Street to the east, Santo
Tomas Street to the south, and General
Antonio Luna Street (formerly Calle Real del
Palacio) to the west. The plaza is considered
to be the center of Intramuros.
Plaza Miranda is a public square bounded by Quezon Boulevard,
Hidalgo Street and Evangelista Street in Quiapo, Manila. It is the
plaza which fronts the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo
Church), one of the main churches of the City of Manila, and is
considered as the center of Quiapo as a whole. Inaugurated in its
current form by Mayor Arsenio Lacson in 1961, it is named after José
Sandino y Miranda,] who served as the Philippines' Secretary of the
Treasury between 1833 and 1854.
Accessoria - "apartment-type dwelling characterized by common party
walls shared by adjoining units with separate door each in front"
Aljibe - cistern
Antesala - see Caida
Arko - arch
Banggera - " a wooden dish rack that extends outside the kitchen window. After the dishes are
washed, they are placed here to be air-dried. The inverted cups are placed on the ends of the
wooden sticks and the plates are placed in between or above the slats. On the far left is a
tapayan/banga, an earthenware jar that keeps water cool." (Old Manila Nostalgia blog); cf. Batalan
Bañera - bathtub
Baño - bathroom
Batalan - rear part of house used for washing and water storage, with a flooring often made of
slatted bamboo; more a part of a bahay kubo (but may be present as well at the rear of a bahay na
bato)
Brackets - series of often diagonal braces placed in support of the volada on the second
floor
Caida - landing on the upper entrance hall; "foyer of the second floor"; also called Antesala
Calado - lace-style fretwork or latticework used to adorn room dividers and to allow air to
circulate
Capital- "topmost member of a column (or pilaster) mediating between the column and the
load"
Capiz window - (often) sliding window made of capiz shells cut into squares
Caryatid - "a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of
a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head"
Clerestory - "any high windows above eye level for the purpose of bringing outside light,
fresh air, or both into the inner space"
Cocina - kitchen, which was typically built separately from the house
Colonette - "a small, thin decorative column supporting a beam (horizontal timber) or lintel
(beam spanning a door or window)"
Corbel - "a projection jutting out from a wall to support a structure above it"; also Braces?
Cornice - a ledge or "generally any horizontal decorative molding that crowns a building or
furniture element"
Court, Courtyard - "a space enclosed by walls and is open to the sky; has azotea or
balconaje"
Cuartos - rooms
Cuatro aguas - "hip roof, which has more corners and angles, making it stronger than the dos
aguas (gable) or high-pitched roof due to stronger aerodynamics (i.e., more wind resistance);
also has the advantage of providing an overhang, which is effective for protecting the house
from rainwater and from direct sunlight"
Dapugan - "a platform in the kitchen where the 'kalan' or clay stove is placed"
Dispensa - pantry
Entresuelo - mezzanine; "literally meaning 'between floors´, this is the area where clients,
tenants or estate managers (if the owner was a rich landowner) wait before being admitted to
the oficina (office)"
Escalera - stairway
Escritorio - "a large chest of drawers, commonly adorned with inlay work"
Estante - dining room cabinet where chinaware and silverware are diplayed
Façade - front
Fresquera - storage room for salted food, etc.; placed on the wall of the house facing outside
Gable - "the part of a wall that encloses the end of a pitched roof"
Gallinera - literally, "chicken seat"; "usually found outside the oficina of a landowner; coming
from the Spanish word 'gallo' (chicken), this church bench-inspired settee is used for farmers
to place chickens on the cage underneath in exchange for paying cash" (Old Manila
Nostalgia blog)
Gargoyle - "a carved stone grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and
away from the side of a building, thereby preventing rainwater from running down masonry
walls and eroding the mortar between"
Gingerbread trim, Running trim - "19th century Victorian style of fancifully cut and pierced
frieze boards, scrolled brackets, sawn balusters, and braced arches, to transform simple
frame cottages into one-of-a-kind homes" (Murvyn Callo); "usually attached to the eaves to
make it more decorative and to curving iron rods that help support the media agua"
Kama - typically meaning four-poster bed
Kama ni Ah Tay - "a once popular signature four poster bed design that was carved by a
famous Chinese furniture maker named Eduardo Ah Tay. To have this bed was considered a
symbol of status during the Spanish era." (Old Manila Nostalgia blog)
Kantoneras (Brackets) - "either plain calado cut-outs or fully carved embellishments usually
placed where beams and columns intersect especially under the "soffit" or overhanging ceiling
outside house; also seen to decorate door or window openings, hallways or simply dividing
spaces"
Latrina - see Comun
Mascaron - "an architectural ornament representing a face or head -- human or animal -- that is
often grotesque or frightening"
Media aguas - canopy or roof shed, consisting of "a piece of metal roof that protects the window
from rain or heat"; not to be confused with awning
Mirador - lighthouse; lookout tower
Moulding, molding - "a strip of material (such as wood or metal) with some design or
pattern that is used as a decoration on a wall, on the edge of a table, etc."
Painted metal sheet ceiling - pressed "tin or copper ceiling from maybe late Victorian to
early American colonial period, to prevent decay by moisture or worms (or even mouse)"
Paminggalan - "a cabinet where leftover food and preserves are stored. The doors of the
cabinet have slats so that it can absorb air and room temperature inside. To avoid ants
from coming up and getting to the food, the legs of the cabinet are placed on containers
filled with kerosene or any liquid." (Old Manila Nostalgia blog)
Pilaster - false pillar "used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an
extent of wall, with only an ornamental function"
Sillas Americanas - "American chairs, considered the Monobloc chairs of their time (due to
ubiquity)"
Stained glass - "glass colored or stained (as by fusing metallic oxides into it) for decorative
applications (as in windows)"
Transom - "transverse horizontal structural beam or bar" often in floral tracery design
Trompe l'oeil - "a style of painting in which things are painted in a way that makes them
look like real objects"
Tumba-tumba - Philippine rocking chair
Valance - "a length of decorative drapery hung above a window to screen the curtain
fittings"
Ventana - "wooden window panel that uses a grid pattern with flattened capiz shell
panes"; often in sliding style, as opposed to flinging out
Ventanilla - literally 'small window'; "sliding panels between the floor and windows" to
allow more air and light; "usually protected by balustrades which can either be wooden
or wrought iron grills"
Volada - "an enclosed overhanging balcony"; "a gallery (along the elaborate system of
windows) which protects the rooms from the heat of the sun"
Escalera - stairway
Caida - landing on the upper entrance hall; "foyer of
the second floor"; also called Antesala
Comedor - dining room