2 ( =

  a (
bx
 
xx) x + b) c
 + +

2
=

o  c 2 o
x  =
=
= :


a
→ 
2
x
2 bua
a2
+  n

cuu+

x o
+ u


2a
n
x =x)

ab + +

vu
m2alcnvka
(x
u =
nka

eo
nu
x 
apersam
v=
aanv
xersv
g
s
: ebu
x
a(2xu2 2xv2)
:
+ +
 2 2
2
x
ax 2(u +

v)2 (uv) v)
( u u
xc(u
+
+ x
v =
+
+


a
x
+
b
a
nx2 x 2 2 (
u
 bx cv)+
o
v)+
 xu 2 +=
+
=
=
+

:ka2a

ox vengan u v = +

= o∶
b  
x c  o
+ =

x − = k→
 
→  xk  o + =
nı =

−kx
∴
 e−kx =
exck− e−xk ec
+=
+ = . =

:
ckeax−k(k
−k
arenaec konsxan) =

m xm
  e →
,

m2exm bmexxm c exm
amaka =
: + +
=

mo e (
 b
:
→ ag:  exm) a
 m 2 bm + +

 e   2 a
n
=
x
m m 1x x m211x ==
c o → m m anm
=
= = =
= + , : = +

B
e
m
n
mxuk
m
2 2 2exxs
(
mep
e r
x 
: u  a
n
 v) = =
 2
ax2 b
+ c
 + o →m1 x 2 =

  e mx

mx
1a
a n
n Bk
m=
onsx
r:
=
b
∶ 2 bm +

Be 2 + +

nx asem
= kara a rac o =
P e r s a m a a n karakteristik


a2
2 bc
+  xm 
ng
2
2m
+
2 m = = , = ,

o 2
x x→ :
x 1 = =


conxon mx22
+ 

(
+

m 1()m= +
+ =

33mm  x2 + =
 d2 y dy
Contoh: + + 6y = 0 m 2 + 5m + 6 =
dx2 5 dx →
0
(m + 2)(m + 3) = 0 m = −2 atau m =
→ −3
y = Ae−2x + Be −3 x

Contoh: d y + 6 d y + 9y = 0
2 m 2 + 6m + 9 =
→ dx2 dx 0
m = −3(dua kali)
( m + 3) ( m + 3) = 0 →
y = e−3x (A + Bx)
m:sal
 ce(am
= ;4)xa D:
;4+
→m
e(a−
4; )x 1
=
+
±
=
=

c
e ax e4
+
;x D
a ;4ax .
an em
ax e−4;x
2 a−;4
+ . =

e c
e
( 4
;x De −4
;x)
e cosx ; s:nx an ex−;
x; = = + +

a: e4x; : =
=
coscos4x
x−; s:nx ; +

 s
ecax:
n 4
ex
((c
ax e
(c(cos4x
=x
4−
;
D)cos4x ;;s:n
= +
=
os4x−; s:n 4x + +

4x) (c D−D)s:n4x)
(cos4x−; s:n 4x)
+

 exa(cos4x B s:n4x)
= +
2 =

 
m 2 x 2+ +


m −a = ±

aa −a
m  x +

v216−36
±
= + ± =

a 2;
vc−2 a 2n 4
−a
9 9 2v−2o

=
o
±
=
=
ersamaanberbenxu  2 2
2n ±

k :
x  =

a2x2 2   2
:kab o x
= , 2co 
+ ox→ = +

D apa
maka
b x x
:us
:lxx2
2 n2 o
+
a
: :+ 2 ± =
=

 2  2 c
(c
 oa: )= 2 n o
+  o →m 2 =

n
( se
2x oeng
rupa →m
a
nm 2a −;
4n2b:la→
=
a
=±m
o , =

 cosnx
+ = =
= +
;n
 an4 2Bn)sn
=
2 2 2
:nx
±
= = = =±

(:)x −n 
2 2 2 n→
cos1nx = exn ex
−
n
→ exn + ex−n
+

s:n2
=
n cnx
osnnx
= enx−2e2−nx → +

2 enx = 2 cosh nx + 2 sinh

exn −ex−n 2 s:nn nx

=
nx

enx = cosh nx + sinh nx

cos1nx = e2
xn ex
−
n
→
+
e n + ex
x −
n
= nx −nx
s:n2
= n cos
n
n
xn
e −x
e−n → e −2 ee−nx
=
=

nx x 22 cs o:n snn
2
nx
 a: 
, =
= + +
cexn Dexn−
+
=

c(c(c osDn)cnoxsn
+

ns:xn n(ncx) +

−DD)s(:cnonsnnx

2
conxonnx−s:nn
16 o2 ∴ m
2 +
n x
) = =

1  x
.
 co
sax
−16cosnnx
= ∴ m ;a
=
B +
=±
+

sn
:nn
xB

2 sn
:ax
conxon  2−3  o
2 ∴ v =

2 
. m 3 ∴
x cosnv3x B =
m =3 +
=
±
 2 =

ersamaana
 bx  c  x ()
2 em1xengan x +

() ≠ o
x m1 x 
=

e B → f
u ngs:
=
2
B (e x  ungs

: a
r
x
: →
+ + ( )
+ m 2x = +
mx
e
x ) n
xe
g
a
r
lno
m
u
s
usp
el
m
 e
n
xer f( )

emecanane lngkap f   = +
 memecankanpersamaanx +
 2
2b c+  =

a  =

fu
):)nn
:
x
(eg
o
ak
rg
lm
s:np
se
ulmsenexneg
a
r nenbgeannxuk
x
m
u
(
) :r(x)
uoma

ungs : : ruas  x
kanan
conxon1 ecankanaln
.

(:) fu n gs:  
x = 2  2 − c
2 =x 6 +

kom (xple ) o m en→
=
x 2
m x 2c − m  x
xer  :

+

66 o o
=
+

(m−2)
(:)nxegrak
lnusus:
m:sal :

(x)xx2 2cx2 D
= = +

2  cx 2=

2c−c
 x  ( 2cx
2 D )
Dx
+ an 
+
x 2 2
c =
+ +

6(
cx
−c
2 Dx 
 + ) x 2 + =

2c−1ocx−cDx
6cx2 (6D−1oc)x
+
+
+ +

6
2 x2 =+ 2 + =
6c2x2 (6D−1oc)x
+ = +

1
=

2c−cD 6
 x c
( x
 x + ) 6
2 3 =
2c 2
+ =
18 = =

cc 2 c−
6 D−1 oc 1oo ∴c
1D 6
∴ c 6o
19
=
∴ =

6 c1D9−2c x 2 c
8 x 18−
6 
D xegra
1 ou o
1 c
csusna 6 ∴ D18 1o8
: = +

n ==
kln = =
+
=

6 1
8
emecananelngkap19 ex26B18ex3
: = +

x2 x c
+ + +
1o8
Benxukumumu
:ka x ()
nxuk:nxegralkn
=
k
m :
sm
ak
l :
s
a
nak
l
a
l a
n
naln
c
usus ( m :
sak
lan a
ln 
(x cx D
= =
:
= +

c
x 2 Dx 
= = +

x
 )=
( x ) k
+ +

)(x =
m:sak
lanaln 
kx
=

k
s:nn
2 c e
x xxaxaxuaukkcocsosxn
= xk
) exk
x m:sak lana
ln  c
=
=

x D s: n x
 .
conxonecankanaln x 2
2 a c
 13e
3 + + =

2  ;:ka x
: berk
:aen
lsp
aa:aax  o

,

en
= , =


2c 2
a  a
n c
x 
3 12x
n
, = .

x:+2 + =

13e 2 x
(:)f m am c o ∴ + + =

 
 x
m −a v216−2o
=
±
a22;
− =
±
=

 =
−2 ; ±
(:)x3  xc e 3∴
x

x
9ceex2 (c1 2
ce cc
e
= =
3 x
3
−  
+
o s
x + + =

3ce13 x3ex3 2 9

,
x c
e x3 =
emecanan  ex−2(cosx2
: = +

n xu
Bsnx)k
x e o
x3 a
n
= c2 → c 2 = =
+
2 1( 12B
c = . + .

e−2 o(coso B s:no)

.
2 e23 o
+ +
.

o ) 1  1
 ex−2(2 2 c2c−12 =+ = +
=

x ex−2(−a2 2s:nx2 B cosx)

= = = +

cosx B s:nx)+
−2ex−2(2 cosx B s:nx) + +

+
ex3 3e23x
x

 = ex
2(−2s:n x+ B cosx) −
− 2ex−
2(2

1nxukx−
2 o =

cosx e
2 o B s:nx)
2 (− 2s:
n o B 3
e
cos
x3o)− 2e (2 33
cos

=

o
an −
.

2 oB
sx:no)
+ +
2 + .

+. =
eo
+

12 1− ( 2 o B 1) −2
= . + . .

1
2
1(221
1 .
=
∶
B−a 2B o) 32∴
+
32B1 .
+
+ .

2
1 a−3 3 2
emecanan:  = e (cosx+
= +
x
−
2 =

= − + e3x
ex3 2 +

Bsnx) +