ANATOMY OF

HEART
STRUCTURE OF
HEART
 Four chambered
hollow muscular
organ, normally
the size of a fist

 Lies within the

thorax in the
mediastinal space
that separates the
right and left
pleural cavities
STRUCTURE OF
THE HEART
 Composed of three
layers
- thin inner lining, the
endocardium

- layer of muscle, the

myocardium

- fibrous layer, the

epicardium
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH HEART
 Atrio ventricular valves tricuspid+
mitral valve

 Semilunar valves aortic valve+

pulmonic valve
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF HEART
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF HEART
SA node

Travel through the muscle fibres of the atria by

internodal pathways

AV node

Bundle of HIS

Divides into right and left bundle branches

Action potential diffuses through the walls of the

ventricles by means of Purkinje fibres
CARDIAC CYCLE
 Starts with depolarization of SA node
 Climax is the ejection of blood into the
pulmonary artery and systemic circulation

 Ends with repolarization when the

contractile fiber cells and the conduction
pathway cells regain their resting polarized
condition
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
 P wave – begins with firing of the SA node and
represents depolarization of the fibres of the
atria

 QRS wave – represents depolarization from the

AV node throughout the ventricles

 T wave – repolarization of the ventricles

 U wave – if seen, represents delayed ventricular

repolarizationand is associated with hypokalemia
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
DURATION
 P wave- .06 to .12 sec

 QRS wave- .04 to .12 sec

 T wave- .16 sec

 PR interval - .12 to .20 sec

 QT interval- varies with pulse rate

 RR interval- varies with pulse rate

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
LANDMARKS OF THE CHEST
AREAS TO AUSCULTATE AND
PALPATE ON THE CHEST
AREAS TO AUSCULTATE AND
PALPATE ON THE CHEST