REAKSI KIMIA

Epi Supri Wardi, M.Si – Tisa Mandala Sari, M.Si

Beberapa Reaksi Kimia

Synthesis (Combination) reaction A + B  AB

Decomposition reaction AB  A + B

Single-replacement reaction A + BC  AC + B
element compound compound element

Double-replacement reaction AB + CD  AD + CB
compound compound compound compound

Neutralization reaction HX + BOH  BX + HOH

acid base salt water

Combustion reaction CH + O2  CO2 + H2O

Persamaan Reaksi
1. Reaksi Sintesis

Direct combination reaction (Synthesis)

2 Na + Cl2  2 NaCl

Na Cl

Cl
Na

General form: A + B  AB
element or element or compound
compound compound
Pengertian Reaksi Sintesis

A synthesis reaction is when two or more simple

compounds combine to form a more
complicated one.
2. Reaksi Pengendapan

• Precipitation reactions result in an insoluble

solid being formed when two clear solutions
are mixed together.

soluble salt A + soluble salt B 

insoluble salt C + soluble salt D
Contoh Reaksi Pengendapan
Formation of a solid: AgCl

AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq)  KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s)

Contoh Reaksi Pengendapan

lead (II) chloride + potassium iodide potassium chloride + lead (II) iodide

Pb2+ Cl1- K1+ I1- Pb2+ Cl1- K1+ I1-

PbCl2 + KI KCl (aq) + PbI2 (ppt)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

3. Reaksi Penguraian/Dekomposisi

Decomposition reaction
2 H 2O 2 H2 + O2

H
O
H
+
H
O
H

General form: AB A + B
compound two or more elements
or compounds
Pengertian Reaksi Penguraian/Dekomposisi

A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a

synthesis reaction – a complex molecule
breaks down to make a simple one.
4. Reaksi Penggantian Tunggal/Single Replacement

Single-replacement reaction

Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 + Cu

General form:
A + BC  AC + B

Single replacement reaction is when one element trades places with

another element in a compound.
5. Reaksi Penggantian Gandal/Double Replacement

This is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two

substances in a solution are mutually interchanged.

Double-replacement reaction

CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H2CO3

General form:
AB + CD  AD + CB
Reminder

Element Reactivity
Li
Rb
K
Foiled again – Ba
Halogen Reactivity
Ca
Ca Aluminum loses to Calcium
Na
Mg F2
Al Cl2
Mn Br2
Zn I2
Cr
Fe
Ni
Sn
Pb
H2
Cu
Hg
Ag
Pt
Au
6. Reaksi Netralisasi

• Otherwise known as an acid-base reaction

• The H+ ion in the acid reacts with the OH- ion
in the base, causing the formation of water.

• Acid + Base  Salt + Water

Contoh Reaksi Netralisasi
Potassium reacts with Water

POW!
Contoh Reaksi Double Replacement

Double Replacement Reaction

K2CO3 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) 2 KCl (aq) + BaCO3 (s)

Potassium carbonate Barium chloride Potassium chloride Barium carbonate
Contoh Reaksi Sintesis
Synthesis Reactions
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Formation of water
2 H2 + O2 2 H 2O

Formation of salt
2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl

General Form
A + B C
Contoh Reaksi Dekomposisi
Decomposition Reactions

Hydrogen Peroxide
2 H2O2 2 H 2O + O2

Electrolysis of water
electricity
2 H2O 2 H2 + O2

Nitrogen triiodide
2 NI3 N2 + 3 I2

General Form
AB A + B
 Predict if these reactions will occur
3 Mg + 2 AlCl3 2 Al + 3 MgCl2
Can magnesium replace aluminum? YES, magnesium is more reactive than aluminum.

Activity Series

Al + MgCl2 No reaction
Can aluminum replace magnesium? NO, aluminum is less reactive than magnesium.

Activity Series Therefore, no reaction will occur.

Order of reactants
DOES NOT
MgCl2 + Al No reaction determine how
they react.

The question we must ask is can the single element replace its counterpart?
metal replaces metal or nonmetal replaces nonmetal.
Contoh Reaksi Single Replacement

Activity Series
Li
Rb
“Magic blue-earth” K
Ba
Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu Ca
Na
Can Fe replace Cu? Yes Mg
Al
Zinc in nitric acid Mn
Zn F2
Zn + 2 HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2 Cr Cl2
Fe Br2
Can Zn replace H? Yes Ni I2
Sn
NO REACTION
Pb
MgCl2 + Br2 MgBr2 + Cl2 H2
Cu
Can Br replace Cl? No Hg
Ag
General Form Pt
Au
A + BC AC + B
7. Reaksi Pembakaran

A combustion reaction is when oxygen combines

with another compound to form water and
carbon dioxide.

An example:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon is a compound that

contains the elements hydrogen and carbon.