Evaluation of Transition from

Education to work in Australia

Student ID
University Name
Contents

 Aim
 Scope
 Insights
 Findings
 Discussion
 References
Aim

The main aim of this study is to describe the trends of transition of education to
work in Australia. This study will analyze the gender and age differences from
transition from education to work.
Scope

The main scope of this study is to evaluate the patterns of transition of

education to work in Australia among 15-74 aged person.
Women contribute approximately half of the Australian population. However, the
pay gap is 15.3% since past two decades.
Australian women are over-represented as part time workers than full time
workers which contributes to the pay gap.
On the other hand, Australian women outnumber high level of educational
qualification than men. This study will explore such patterns through descriptive
statistical analysis.
Education by age

Highest Educational Level by Employment Age 15-74 years

8,000.0

7,000.0

6,000.0

5,000.0

4,000.0

3,000.0

2,000.0

1,000.0

0.0
Employed Employed Total employed Unemployed In labour force Not in labour force
full-time part-time

Males Females
Labor face by education institution

Sum of In labour force by Type of educational institution or organisation

Unable to gain placement on application

TAFE

Secondary education

Other institution/organisation

Higher education

Gained a place but not enrolled in May

All other educational institutions/organisations

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Employment by education status

Education status of person aged 25-44

 Educated Labor forces are classified
with no dependent children into different age groups. The above
900.0 graph illustrates the total persons
800.0 aged between 25-44 years with no
700.0
600.0 dependent children. Most of the
500.0 bachelor degree holders are highly
400.0
300.0
engaged in the labor force than other
200.0 type of qualification such as
100.0
0.0
advanced studies, certificate courses,
Bachelor
Degree or
Advanced
Diploma/
Certificate
III/IV
Year 12 or
equivalent
Year 11 or
below
12th grade and 11th grade. This shows
above Diploma
that undergraduates significantly play
Employed full-time Employed a part of Australian labor force
In the Labour Force Fully engaged
Education to work among 25-44 aged
with children

Transition from education to work

 Most of the candidates work in
among Persons 25-44 age group with labor force instead of full type
children under 15 years employment. Bachelor degree
Year 11 or below qualified persons are largely
Year 12 or equivalent engaged in daily labor force than
Certificate III/IV advanced or school certified
Advanced Diploma/Diploma
persons.
Bachelor Degree or above

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
20 40 60 80 ,00 ,20 ,40
1 1 1

Fully engaged In the Labour Force

Employed Employed full-time
Qualification status by State
Non School qualification status of
 The highest non-school qualified
Australians Aged 15-74 years persons belonged to age group 35-
1,000.0 44. Moreover, non-school qualified
900.0
persons largely live in New South
800.0
700.0 Wales and Victoria. Both states
600.0 belongs to South East Australian
500.0
400.0
region. However, the proportion of
300.0 non-school qualified person
200.0 increases with the age.
100.0
0.0
15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74

NSW Vic. Qld SA WA Tas. NT ACT

Citizenship status of non school goers in
Australia

Citizenship status of non school goers in

 The above graph illustrates the
Australia Australian people lacking literacy
64.8
ACT
145.0
based on citizenship status. Most of
35.4
NT
65.4
the people lacking school
53.5
Tas.176.5
education was Australians. The
WA 492.8
717.7 proportion of non-school goers was
SA187.1 544.8 found to be very less in Australian
Qld 657.4
1,614.7 Capital Territory.
Vic. 1,203.7
1,968.5
NSW 1,458.6
2,325.8
0.0 500.0 1,000.0 1,500.0 2,000.0 2,500.0

Born overseas Born in Australia

Socioeconoic status
 The socioeconomic group possess large
impact on the non-school goers of Australia.
Highest percentage of quintile ranging from
lower to higher was recorded among NSW
Socioeconomic Status of the Non-School state and Victoria State. Higher quintile was
goers in Australia recorded in Australian Capital Territory
1,200.0
among non-school goers than rest
1,000.0 socioeconomic groups. This infers that
800.0 irrespective of quintile status, NSW tops the
600.0 sheet with large count of non-school goers.
400.0
Highest socio economic group was consistent
200.0
with high non-school going status of NSW and
Victoria.
0.0
NSW Vic. Qld SA WA Tas. NT ACT

Quintile 1 (lowest) Quintile 2 Quintile 3

Quintile 4 Quintile 5 (highest)
  Among the Australian residents aged 15-75,
Qualification and Work designation of
employed persons 15-75
most of the people lacking non- school
qualification work either as laborers and
Without non-school qualification
clerical or administrative workers.
Certificate n.f.d.
Certificate III/IV
However, qualified non-school end up being
Bachelor Degree professionals. This shows the clear
Postgraduate Degree demarcation between illiterate and literate
0.0 1,000.0 2,000.0 3,000.0 4,000.0 residents of Australia. Both bachelor
Labourers degree and post graduate degree qualified
Machinery operators and drivers residents also works as professionals.
Sales workers
Clerical and administrative workers
Residents with advanced degrees work as
Community and personal service workers managers and trade workers. Most of the
Technicians and trades workers non-school and school goers also work as
Professionals
Managers
sales workers.
Designation by Gender

 The above graph shows that female

qualified personnel outnumber the
male qualified personnel especially
as professional, technical and
trade staffs, community service
and managers. Male outnumbers
female in designations such as
machinery operators, laborers and
sales workers in Australia.
Descriptive statistics

Employed Employed Total Unemployed-M In labour Not in Employed Employed Total Unemployed-F In labour Not in
full-time-M part-time-M employed-M force-M labour full-time-F part-time-F employed-F force-F labour

 The mean employment status of

force-M force-F

male is higher than female

 The mean total unemployment
Mean 806.9538 170.1462 976.6538 73.10769 1049.685 371.5615 481.4077 383.6462 865.5077 64.34615 929.4923 518.9308

Standard Error 289.3919 52.34661 336.3173 22.32324 357.0066 114.7187 182.0287 125.4982 304.1935 20.11503 323.4886 157.0283

Median 516.6 84 585.9 44 617.6 227.4 395.7 191 575.2 34.9

status of female is higher than
611.8 346.7

Standard Deviation

Sample Variance
1043.417

1088720
188.7384

35622.18
1212.609

1470421
80.48757

6478.249
1287.206

1656898
413.624

171084.8
656.3139

430748
452.4902

204747.4
1096.785

1202938
72.52578

5259.989
male
1166.355

1360383
566.1734

320552.4

Kurtosis 6.98319 1.615881 6.174889 2.060466 5.925033 2.650631 7.648467 5.103998 6.876978

3.593491
Most of the women are partially
6.737144 2.42409

employed
Skewness 2.462048 1.592955 2.316761 1.67855 2.274798 1.731475 2.605145 2.154819 2.453872 1.910593 2.428384 1.754903

Range 3863.8 593.1 4458 261.8 4720.5 1399.3 2442.8 1647 4082.7 253.7 4339.1 1878.2

Minimum 43.4 6.1 47.4 3.2 48.9 9.3 18.3 11 32.2 2.7 33.8 8.5

Maximum 3907.2 599.2 4505.4 265 4769.4 1408.6 2461.1 1658 4114.9 256.4 4372.9 1886.7

Sum 10490.4 2211.9 12696.5 950.4 13645.9 4830.3 6258.3 4987.4 11251.6 836.5 12083.4 6746.1

Count 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

Confidence Level(95.0%) 630.5307 114.0535 732.7725 48.63815 777.8506 249.9505 396.6065 273.4371 662.7806 43.82689 704.8211 342.1352
Predictive analysis – Female
unemployment
Not in labor force of female
Using Rapidminer studio, Predictive regression analysis was
performed based on educational qualification as key attributes is predicted to grow
  Coeffic Stand t Stat P- Lower Upper Lower Upper
ients ard value 95% 95% 95.0% Not in labour force-F Line Fit
95.0%
Error Plot
Intercept 0.25815 0.9426 0.2738 0.7903 - 2.3906 - 2.3906
4,500.0
4 94 47 83 1.8743 77 1.8743 77
4,000.0
7 7 3,500.0
3,000.0

Total employed-F
Unemployed-F - 0.0843 - 9.47E- - - - - Total employed-F
2,500.0
0.98757 25 11.711 07 1.1783 0.7968 1.1783 0.7968
2,000.0 Predicted Total
employed-F
4 2 1 2 1,500.0
1
1,000.0
In labour 0.99925 0.0036 275.26 5.61E- 0.9910 1.0074 0.9910 1.0074
500.0
force-F 1 3 35 19 39 63 39 63
0.0
Not in labour -9.9E- 0.0045 -2.2E- 0.9999 - 0.0103 - 0.0103 0.0 0.
0
0.
0
0.
0
0.
0
50 , 00 5 0 00
force-F 09 73 06 98 0.0103 45 0.0103 45 1 1, 2,
5 5 Not in labour force-F
Discussion

 The participation rate of youth in labor market experienced shift with the
focus on vocational and higher education programs. (ABS, 2015). However,
18% men are pursuing and 20% women are currently studying between people
aged 15-64 years in Australia. 69% people aged 20 – 64 shows non-school
qualification in Australia. However, 74% individuals among 15-74 aged appear
to be employed (ABS, 2016).
Conclusion

 Most of the work force are employed in labor work rather than professional
and managerial work. This shows that there is a need of policy changes and
diversification on employment patterns. Certificate course qualified persons
are not secured with suitable employment during 2011-2020. The growing
gender differences in the analysis shows that there is a differences in job
employment for women, while women are more qualified than men. This
shows that there is a need for policy implementation of gender biases at
education and workplace. The public employment services should focus on
equal opportunity and ensure equal work pay.
References

 ABS, 2013, Education and work, Australia – additional data cubes, May 2013,
Cat. no. 6227.0.55.003, ABS, Canberra.
 ABS, 2015, Labour force, Australia, ABS, Canberra. Australian Workforce and
Productivity Agency (AWPA) 2012, Future focus: Australia’s skills and
workforce development needs, AWPA, Canberra.
 Wyn, J, Cuervo, H, Smith, G & Woodman, D 2010, Young people negotiating
risk and opportunity: post-school transitions 2005–2009, Youth Research
Centre, University of Melbourne,
Thank You