Significant

Social Function Generic

Lexicogrammatical
Genres (Tujuan / Structure
Features (Ciri – ciri
Fungsi Sosial) (Struktur)
yang menonjol)

a. Orientation:
Sets the scene
and introduces
the participants. a. Focus on specific
(Memperkenalkan usually
tokoh dan individualized
setting).b. participants. (Fokus
Complication : A pada tokoh – tokoh
crisis arises tertentu secara
(Munculnya individu).b. The use
masalah).c. of Simple Past
To amuse,
Resolution : the (Penggunaan
entertain, and to
crisis is resolved Tenses Masa
deal with actual
(Terselesainya Lampau)c. The use
or vicarious
masalah).e. of temporal
experiences in
Narrative Evaluation : A conjunction
different ways.
stepping back to (Penggunaan kata
(Untuk
evaluate the penghubung yang
menghibur
plight. menunjukkan waktu
pembaca
(Melangkah ke ex : After, before,
melalui cerita).
belakang untuk when dll).d. The use
memikirkan nilai / of noun phrases
makna sebuah (Penggunaan frasa
peristiwa, bisa kata benda yang
ada dan tidak)d. kaya dengan
Reorientation : adjective misalnya :
Optional (Bisa long black hair, two
ada / atau tidak red apples.
ada fungsinya
menyimpulkan isi
cerita )

a. Identification : a. The Use of

Identifies Simple Present
To describe a
phenomenon ( Tense (Penggunaan
particular
Mengidentifikasi / Simple Present
person, place or
pengenalan Tense).
thing (Untuk
fenomena / hal b. Focus on Specific
Descriptive menggambarkan
yang Participant (Fokus
orang, benda,
dideskripsikan). kepada Hal / orang /
atau tempat
b. Description : tempat secara
tertentu secara
Menggambarkan khusus)
khusus)
bagian, kualitas,
maupun ciri – ciri)
 THE LANGUAGE

Language is a system of arbitary vocal system by which

human communicates

LANGUAGE AS A SYSTEM MEANING,

LANGUAGE CONSIST OF MANY SYSTEMS,
SYSTEM OF FORM, GRAMMAR, MEANING,
VOCABULARY, AND CULTURE.
And English is part of language
 GRAMMAR

The rules that show how words are

combined, arranged, or changed to
show certain kinds of meaning
Michael Swan 2008
 THE SENTENCE

We express our thoughts or ideas by

using words. We generally use those
words in group called sentences.
A sentence is a group of words which
makes complete sense/ meaning/ idea.
 THE SENTENCE

Every sentence that we speak or write consists of two

parts.

1. We must talk about something if we talk at all.

2. We must say something about that thing.
Example :
Little boy John sat in the corner.

we must have a subject to

talk that is Little boy John

we must say or predicates

something about that
subject that is sat in the
corner.
 THE SIMPLE PRESENT

We often use the simple present to

talk about permanent situation or
about things that happen regularly,
repeteadly or all the time
 EXAMPLE

It always rains in december.

What do frogs eat? (not what are frogs eating? )
I play tennis every Wednesday.
Alice works for an insurance company.
Water boils at 100 degree celcius.
He has a sharp nose and black curly hair.
 THE SIMPLE PAST

We use the simple past for many kinds

of past events: short, quickly finished
action and happenings, longer
situation, and repetead events.
 EXAMPLE

Peter broke a window last night.

I spent all my childhood in Garut.
The simple past is common in stories and descriptions of past
events.
One day the princess decided that she didn’t like staying at home
all day, soshe told her father that she wanted to get a job.....
The simple past is often used with words refering to finished time.
I saw John yesterday morning. He told me..............
But in general, the simple past tense is the normal one for talking
about the past, we use itif we do not have a special reason for
using one of the other tenses.