THE PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH AND

ITS TRANSITIONAL SIGNAL

Compiled from different sources

 PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH
1. Comparison and contrast is a pattern of organiazation
that shows how two topics are similar or different.
2. Cause and effect is pattern of organization that tells why
something happened(causes) or the results of an event or
what happens as a result (effects).
3. Problem and solution is a pattern of organization where
the information in the paragrah/essay is expressed by
identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution
4. Listing is a pattern that shows how topics are developed
into list of items, names, categories, types and it does
not need to be in order
5. Sequence is a ptattern tha shows how ideas in the
writing are developed into sequence of steps or order
EXAMPLE OF EACH PATTERN
 EXAMPLE OF
COMPARE/CONTRAST
 Patterns Typical Language Transition Signals
Structure
Comparison-Contrast Comparison:
Similarly, it has …
Likewise, it has …
It also has …

Contrast:
1. The iPhone5 costs Rp. 7.9M,
whereas the Samsung Galaxy S4
costs Rp. 7.8M.

2. The iPhone5 is more

expensive than the Samsung
Galaxy S4.

3. The Samsung Galaxy S4 is not

as expensive as the iPhone5.

4. The iPhone5 costs more than

the Samsung Galaxy S4.
EXAMPLE OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
In 2003, two robotic rovers landed on Mars and began sending
back data about the possible existence of water on the red planet. This
close examination of Mars was the result of new and improved
technology. Because of advances in telecommunication systems, scientists
on Earth can send commands faster and receive data in greater amounts.
New software in the rovers led to their increased ability to make
independent decisions and avoid dangers and hazards on their own. As a
result of new technologies for severe environments, the rovers and their
interior computers were able to survive the extreme cold and hot
conditions in space and on Mars. Additionally, due to their new improved
wheels the twin rovers could move around the rocky Martian landscape
with ease.
 THE TRANSITIONAL SIGNALS USED
IN CAUSE AND EFFECT
as a result, because, consequently, hence, due to, in order to,
reasons, results, affect, react(s), reaction, yields, lead to, led to, for this
reason, produces, thus, therefore
EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM AND
SOLUTION
 Patterns Typical Language Transition Signals
Structure
cause-effect & problem-
solution
 Topic Details
Ways to a. First of all, parents should be familiar with the
protect names of websites that kids should never visit.
children b. In addition, parents can install parental lock to
from the prevent their children visiting websites that
dangerous contain illicit images.
of the
c. Most importantly, parents must limit their
Internet
children’s computer time in a day.
 EXAMPLE OF LISTING
There are several things you need to bring
along with you each time you come to class.
First, you should have paper. Furthermore, you
need a pen to take notes with. Moreover, you
need to have your textbooks. Also, be sure to
bring your completed homework. In addition, it
is good to have a dictionary. Finally, you ought
to have a book bag to carry everything in.
 TRANSITIONAL SIGNAL USED IN
LISTING

• first, second, third, another, also, too, finally,

several, numerals, furthermore, additionally,
also, besides, further, in addition, moreover,
again, and, final, first of all, next, last of all,
the last
EXAMPLE OF SEQUENCE
 Patterns Typical Language Transition Signals
Structure
Sequence & Time There are …steps to…

The processes of … include

…
 Topic Details
Steps to a. First, open the Connect to the Internet wizard
connect to by clicking the Start button.
the Internet b. Second, click the Control Panel.
c. After that, select the Network and Internet.
d. Once the Network and Internet is open, click
the Network and Sharing Center.
e. Then, choose Set up a connection or network.
f. Last, click Connect to the Internet.