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A&P Unit 1 Intro
A&P Unit 1 Intro
A&P Unit 1 Intro
INTRODUCTION
- Study of anatomy and physiology is an ever developing
science.
- Greek and Latin form the basis for the language of
anatomy and physiology.
DEFINITIONS:
Major Organs:
bones
ligaments
cartilages
Major Functions:
provide framework
protect soft tissue
provide attachments for muscles
produce blood cells
store inorganic salts
Skeletal system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
Major Functions:
protect tissue
regulate body temperature
support sensory receptors
Integumentary system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
muscles
Major Functions:
cause movement
maintain posture
produce body heat
Muscular system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
brain
spinal cord
nerves
sense organs
Major Functions:
detect changes
receive and interpret sensory information
stimulate muscles and glands
Nervous system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
pancreas
ovaries
testes
pineal gland
thymus
Major Functions:
control metabolic activities of
body structures through the
release of hormones
Endocrine system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
heart
arteries
capillaries
veins
Major Functions:
move blood through vessels and
transport substances throughout
the body
Cardiovascular system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
thymus
spleen
Major Functions:
return tissue fluid to blood
carry certain absorbed food molecules
defend the body against infection
Lymphatic system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
mouth
tongue
teeth
salivary glands
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
liver and gallbladder
pancreas
small and large intestines
Major Functions:
receive, breakdown, and absorb food
eliminate unabsorbed material
Digestive system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
Major Functions:
intake and output of air
exchange gases between air and blood
Respiratory system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
Major Functions:
remove waste from blood
maintain water and electrolyte balance
store and transport urine
Urinary system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
scrotum
testes
epididymides
ductus deferentia
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
urethra
penis
Major Functions:
produce and maintain sperm cells
transfer sperm cells into female
reproductive tract
Male reproductive system
Levels of Organization
Major Organs:
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
clitoris
vulva
Major Functions:
produce and maintain eggs cells
receive sperm cells
support development of an embryo
function in the birth process
1. Sagittal cut: divides the body into right and left portions.
3. Coronal Cut: (or frontal): divides the body into anterior and
posterior portions.
Axial Portion
DORSAL CAVITY VENTRAL CAVITY
ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
* Note that the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and ureters are behind the abdominopelvic
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Terminology
Characteristics of Life Continued
• Water
- most abundant substance in body
- required for metabolic processes
- required for transport of substances
- regulates body temperature
Maintenance of Life
• Food
- provides necessary nutrients
- supplies energy
- supplies raw materials
• Oxygen (gas)
- one-fifth of air
- used to release energy from nutrients
• Heat
- form of energy
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
• Pressure
- application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure – important for breathing
- hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing
Maintenance of Life
Homeostasis
1. Definition = the tendency of an organism to
maintain a stable internal environment.
Control center
(set point)
(Change is compared
Receptors to the set point.) Effectors
(muscles or glands)
Stimulus
(Change occurs
in internal
environment.) Response
(Change is corrected.)
Maintenance of Life