UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI’S
Garware Institute Of Career Education And Development
M. Sc.
(Sustainable Development And Environmental Management)

Paper 2.7
Topic :  Convection
 (Internal assessment )

Submitted By:   Ms. Akshata Shinde & Mr. Prasad Malik

Roll No : 03 & 07
(ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022)
Convection
Submitted By : Prasad Malik & Akshata Shinde
What Is Convection ?
• Convection refers to the motion of fluid driven by density difference.
• The dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases.
• Never takes place in solids.
Temperature gradients in
forced convection.

• The temperature distribution across a column

of fluid.
• Same time being heated or cooled, is intimately
connected with the velocity distribution across
the same column of fluid.
 Surface coefficients

• h1 = q/A2(td – t2)  where 

A = coefficient of heat transfer 
D = diameter 
Name  Formula   Symbol   k = thermal conductivity. 
Nusselt  hD/k  Nu  u= linear velocity  
ρ =density 
Reynolds  Du ρ /µ  Re  µ = viscosity 
C = specific heat at constant pressure 
Prandtl  Cµ/k  Pr  g = acceleration of gravity 
β = coefficient of thermal expansion 
Grashof  gD3βΔ ρ2/µ2  Gr  Δt= temperature difference 
L = length of path of flow 
Fluids in turbulent flow inside clean round
pipes.