Nutrition in Humans

ABSORPTION
 Absorption
The process whereby
digested food
substances are
absorbed into the body
cells.
 Absorption
1. Villi that line the walls of the small intestine absorb nutrients.
How is small intestine adapted for absorption?

1. The surface area of small intestine—

the larger the surface area, the greater
the are for absorption of food
substances.
2. The membrane that separates the food
substances from blood capillaries.
3. Small intestine is long to provide
sufficient time for absorption.
How does absorption take place in the small intestine?

1. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed

by diffusion into the blood capillaries
of the villi.
2. Glucose and amino acids are aslo
absorbed by the active transport.
3. Glycerol and fatty acids diffuse into
the epithelium.
 Absorption
2. The large intestine completes the absorption and compacts waste.
 Absorption
3. Defecation Eliminates Waste From the Body
 Nutrition in Humans
Transport and Assimilation of Absorbed
Nutrients
 Assimilation
The process whereby
some of the absorbed
food substances are
converted into new
protoplasm or used to
provides energy.
How are glucose and amino acids transported and
utilized?
1. Glucose is used by all the cells
as source of energy.
2. Excess glucose is returned to the
liver and stored as glycogen
through the help of insulin.
3. amino acids are converted into
new protoplasm that is used for
growth and repair.
4. Amino acids are also used to
from enzymes and hormones.
5. Excess amino acids are
deaminated.
How are fats transported and utilized?

1. When glucose is sufficient, fats

are used to build protoplasm.
2. If glucose is short in supply, fats
are broken down to provide
energy.
3. Excess fats are stored is special
tissues called adipose tissues
found in heart or kidneys that
serves as shock absorbers.