Pneumonia: Biggest Killer Yet

Forgotten
Bobby M. Syahrizal

© UNICEF/UNI197921/Schermbrucker
• Over 5 million of underfive children are still dying every year –
Pneumonia accounted for 20% of these deaths
• 84% of pneumonia death occur in just 30 countries – mostly in sub-
Saharan Africa and Asia
• Three quarter of all child pneumonia deaths occur in the first year of live
• Pneumonia is a sign of inequality

– UNICEF for every child

 19.000an anak
Indonesia meninggal
karena Pneumonia

3 – UNICEF for every child

Despite being a leading killer of children, pneumonia receives considerably
less development assistance than malaria and HIV/AIDS
Out of the total USD105.7 billion spent on these three diseases in 2017,
HIV/AIDS received 76%, malaria 18% and pneumonia only 6%
4 – UNICEF for every child
 Unspecified or other Community-based Diagnosis-based in-
4% management tervention
17% 1%

Indoor pollution
1%
Treatment-based in-
tervention
30% Information provision
3%

Multiple areas of
focus
9%
Research & development (R&D)
36%

• More than half of the money goes to SSA, 27% goes to South and Central Asia.
• In recent years, South and Central Asia makes up an even larger proportion (37%), while SSA still
receives 55%, leaving only 8% for the rest of the world.
• In 2017, 95% of pneumonia funding (USD 636 million) was spent on vaccines, particularly PCV
• Of the remaining 5% (USD 34.2 million), over half went to R&D, slightly more than a third to programming

5 – UNICEF for every child

Why children continuously dying from
pneumonia?

– UNICEF for every child

 Goals di 2025
• Menurunkan kematian akibat Pneumonia pada
balita menjadi <3 per 1000 kelahiran hidup;
• Menurunkan kematian akibat Diare pada balita
menjadi <1 per 1000 kelahiran hidup;
• Menurunkan kejadian Pneumonia berat hingga
75% pada balita dibandingkan tahun 2010;
• Menurunkan kejadian Diare berat hingga 75%
pada balita dibandingkan tahun 2010;
• Menurunkan hingga 40% jumlah balita yang
mengalami stunting secara global dibandingkan
tahun 2010

Sumber: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/79200/9789241505239_eng.pdf?sequence=1
7 – UNICEF for every child
 Critical Areas for Tackling Pneumonia

8 – UNICEF for every child

 Cakupan Global Intervensi Kunci

Source:
9 Jennifer Requejo et al. BMJ 2020;368:bmj.l6915 – UNICEF for every child
 Introduksi PCV secara global

 Sebanyak 149 negara sudah melaksanakan introduksi imunisasi PCV (77%)

 Indonesia
10 tercatat sebagai negara yang sudah melaksanakan indroduksi imunisasi PCV – UNICEF for every child
Manajemen anak sakit

11 – UNICEF for every child

MTBS (bayi muda s/d usia 2 bulan)

12 – UNICEF for every child

MTBS ( 2 bulan – 5 tahun)

13 – UNICEF for every child

Current Indonesia status in addressing effective
interventions
• 14% in the poorest
• 11% in the richest
• 82% in Rural, 95% in
• 43% in the poorest Urban
• 23% in the richest • 65% in Rural, 80% in
Urban
• 55% in Rural, 72% in
• 43% in the poorest Urban
• 46% in the richest • 17% in Rural, 4% in
Urban
• 46% in Aceh, 82% in
Jateng
• 111, 69, 43, 11
ug/m3 in Medan,
• 67% among the poorest Surabaya, Jakarta
and 82% among the
14
richest
& Pekanbaru
– UNICEF for every child
 Primary Health Care
to end Pneumonia deaths!

• Primary health care (PHC) is the most efficient and

effective way to achieve health for all, which is the
global goal of universal health coverage.
• Resting on three pillars, it provides a comprehensive
approach to deliver preventive, protective and curative
care for pneumonia.
1. Integrated health services,
2. Multisectoral policy and action, and
3. Empowered people and communities
“Pneumonia wheel”

There are stark differences in the coverage of effective

interventions, mortality and risk factors for pneumonia
between the 30 high pneumonia mortality countries, other
low and middle-income countries and high-income
countries.

Directing resources, domestic and

international, and increasing leadership,
including amongst communities, for inclusive
primary health care will contribute to dramatic
reductions in the number of children getting
sick and dying from pneumonia. Health
services should be free at the point of use,
funded by fair taxation and supplemented, for
the poorest countries, with donor assistance.
 Terima Kasih

© UNICEF/UN024089/Rich
17 – UNICEF for every child