Study Id10040 Rare Earths Statista Dossier

Rare earths industry worldwide
RARE EARTHS INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
01 Overview
Rare earths - total global reserves 2010-2019 02
Rare earth reserves worldwide by country 2019 03
Global rare earths mine production volume 2010-2019 04
Major countries in rare earth mine production 2019 05
Rare earth mining - global distribution by country 2019 06
02 Companies (outside China)

Major rare earth companies outside China by market capitalization 2021 08
Iluka revenues on mineral sands 2014-2019 09
Lynas Corporation's revenue 2017-2020 10
03 Consumption
Global rare earth oxide demand 2017-2025 12
Table of Contents
Global consumption share of rare earths by element 2018 13

Global consumption value distribution of rare earths by element 2018 14
Demand for rare earth oxides worldwide by application 2019 & 2025 15
04 China
China's rare earths production forecast 1990-2050 17
China's mixed rare earths production forecast 1990-2050 18
Chinese domestic prices for rare earth oxides 2021 19
05 United States
U.S. rare earth imports by product 2015-2019 21
U.S. rare earth exports by product 2015-2019 22
Bastnäsite production in the U.S. 2012-2019 23
U.S. rare earths consumption 2015-2019 24
Demand in the U.S. for rare earths by application 2019 25
Table of Contents
06 Prices
Rare earth oxides average price in 2019 27
Global price forecast of rare earth oxides 2019-2025 28
Forecast of cerium oxide price globally 2009-2025 29
Forecast of rare earth oxide dysprosium oxide price globally 2009-2025 30
Forecast of lanthanum oxide price globally 2009-2025 31
Forecast of rare earth oxide neodymium oxide price globally 2009-2025 32
07 Outlook
Forecast of rare earth oxide production globally excluding China 2015-2025 34
Forecast of rare earth oxide demand globally excluding China 2010-2025 35
Global consumption forecast distribution of rare earths by application 2028 36
Overview
Reserves of rare earths worldwide from 2010 to 2019 (in million metric tons)
Rare earths - total global reserves 2010-2019
160
140
140
130 130
120 120 120 120
120
110 110 110
Reserves in million metric tons
100
80
60
40
20
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note: Worldwide
Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 38.
2 Source(s): US Geological Survey; ID 271874 Overview
Rare earth reserves worldwide as of 2019, by country (in 1,000 metric tons REO)*
Rare earth reserves worldwide by country 2019
Reserves in thousand metric tons REO*
World total 120,000
China 44,000
Brazil 22,000
Vietnam 22,000
Russia 12,000
India 6,900
Australia 3,300
Greenland 1,500
United States 1,400
Tanzania 890
South Africa 790
Note: Worldwide; 2019

Mine production of rare earth elements worldwide from 2010 to 2019 (in 1,000 metric tons REO)
Global rare earths mine production volume 2010-2019
250
210
200 190
Production in thousand metric tons of REO
150
133 130 129 132
123
111 110 110
100
50
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*
Note: Worldwide; 2010 to 2019

Major countries in rare earth mine production worldwide 2019 (in metric tons REO)
Major countries in rare earth mine production 2019
Production in metric tons of rare-earth oxide
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
China 132,000
United States 26,000
Burma 22,000
Australia 21,000
India 3,000
Russia 2,700
Madagascar 2,000
Thailand* 1,800
Brazil 1,000
Vietnam** 900
Burundi 600
Note: Worldwide; 2018 and 2019

Distribution of rare earths production worldwide as of 2019, by country*
Rare earth mining - global distribution by country 2019
Share of global production
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
China 61.97%
United States 12.2%
Burma 10.32%
Australia 9.85%
India 1.41%
Russia 1.27%
Madagascar 0.94%
Thailand 0.84%
Brazil 0.47%
Vietnam 0.42%
Burundi 0.28%

Companies (outside China)

Selected rare earth companies outside China in 2021, by market capitalization (in million Canadian dollars)*
Major rare earth companies outside China by market capitalization 2021
Market capitalization in million Canadian dollars
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

Iluka Resources Ltd. (Australia) 3,473
Lynas Corporation, Ltd. (Australia) 1,009
Kidman Resources Ltd (Australia) 698.2
Galaxy Resources Ltd. (Australia) 510.6
Alkane Resources, Ltd. (United States) 198
Greenland Minerals & Energy (Australia) 156.3
Cornerstone Capital Resources Ltd. (Canada) 147.2
Hastings Rare Metals Ltd. (Australia) 101.6
Northern Minerals Ltd. (Australia) 88
Avonlea Minerals Ltd. (Australia) 87.7
Hudson Resources Inc. (Canada) 81.9
Arafura Resources, Ltd. (Australia) 80.8
Midland Exploration Inc. (Canada) 73.9
Critical Elements Corp. (Canada) 67.4
Wealth Minerals Ltd. (Canada) 66.9
Note: Worldwide; as of January 4, 2021

8 Source(s): MiningFeeds; ID 215207 Companies (outside China)
Mineral sands revenue of Iluka from 2014 to 2019 (in million Australian dollars)
Iluka revenues on mineral sands 2014-2019
1,400
1,244
1,193
1,200
1,018
Revenue in million Australian dollars
1,000
820
800
725 726
600
400
200
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note: Worldwide
9 Source(s): Iluka; ID 1083087 Companies (outside China)
Lynas Corporation's revenue from 2017 to 2020 (in million Australian dollars)*
Lynas Corporation's revenue 2017-2020
400
374.1
363.5
350
305.1
300
Revenue in million U.S. dollars
257
250
200
150
100
50
0
2017 2018 2019 2020

10 Source(s): Lynas Corporation; ID 233479 Companies (outside China)
Consumption
Rare earth oxide demand worldwide from 2017 to 2025 (in metric tons)
Global rare earth oxide demand 2017-2025
350,000
304,678
300,000 287,167
271,018
256,121
250,000 242,096
225,077
Demand in metric tons
208,250
200,000 187,579
156,476
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025*

12 Source(s): Stormcrow; ID 1114638 Consumption
Distribution of rare earth consumption volume worldwide in 2018 by element
Global consumption share of rare earths by element 2018
Samarium 2% Gadolinium 1% Dysprosium 1%

Praseodymium 6%
Yttrium 7%
Cerium 35%
Neodymium 18%
Lanthanum 30%

13 Source(s): Argus Media; ID 1060440 Consumption
Distribution of rare earth consumption value worldwide in 2018, by element
Global consumption value distribution of rare earths by element 2018
Gadolinium 2% Europium 1% Yttrium 1%

Terbium 4%
Cerium 4%
Lanthanum 6%
Dysprosium 13% Neodymium 49%
Praseodymium 20%

14 Source(s): Argus Media; ID 1062137 Consumption
Demand for rare earth oxides worldwide in 2019 and 2025 by end use (in metric tons)
Demand for rare earth oxides worldwide by application 2019 & 2025
2019 2025*
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000

82,469
Magnets
43,733
71,171
Glass
54,145
57,262
Catalysts
37,485
22,551
Batteries
27,073
19,094
Metal alloys
12,495
18,045
Ceramics
12,495
17,343
Phosphors
8,330
16,744
Other
12,495
304,678
Total
208,250

15 Source(s): Stormcrow; ID 449722 Consumption
China
Production forecast of rare earths in China from 1990 to 2050 (in tons)
China's rare earths production forecast 1990-2050
Production in tons
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000

2050 67,378.55
2045 80,113.69
2040 93,874.59
2035 107,978.82
2030 121,278.25
2025 132,057.45
2020 138,027.53
2019 138,412.48
2018 138,476.74
2017 138,199.02
2016 137,558.86
2015 136,536.98
2014 135,115.64
2013 133,279.08
2012 131,014.01
Note: China; as of November 2014

17 Source(s): Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu); ID 617869 China
Production forecast of mixed rare earths in China from 1990 to 2050 (in tons)
China's mixed rare earths production forecast 1990-2050
Production in tons
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

2050 28,429.17
2045 33,679.12
2040 39,395.81
2035 45,387.79
2030 51,330.23
2025 56,722.7
2020 60,848.01
2019 61,440.85
2018 61,936.51
2017 62,325.76
2016 62,599.03
2015 62,746.46
2014 62,757.92
2013 62,623.08
2012 62,331.47
Note: China; as of November 2014

18 Source(s): Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu); ID 617601 China
Average Chinese domestic prices for selected rare earth oxides as of January 2021 (in renminbi per metric ton)
Chinese domestic prices for rare earth oxides 2021
Price in renminbi per metric ton
Neodymium oxide 512,000
Praesodymium oxide 365,000
Gadoliniumm oxide 178,000
Erbium oxide 167,000
Yttrium oxide 20,500
Samarium oxide 11,500
Cerium oxide 10,000
Lanthanum oxide 9,750
Terbium oxide 7,350
Dysprosium oxide 1,950
Europium oxide 210
Note: China; January 5, 2021

19 Source(s): Shanghai Metals Market; ID 280038 China
United States
Rare earth imports to the United States from 2015 to 2019, by product (in metric tons)*
U.S. rare earth imports by product 2015-2019
Product 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019**
Compounds 9,160 11,500 11,000 10,800 14,000
Rare-earth metals, scandium and yytrium 385 404 524 527 590
Ferrocerium alloys 356 268 309 301 310
Note: United States; 2015 to 2019

21 Source(s): US Geological Survey; US Census Bureau; ID 280129 United States
Rare earth exports from the United States from 2015 to 2019, by product (in metric tons)
U.S. rare earth exports by product 2015-2019
Product 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*
Compounds 4,980 590 1,740 16,800 26,000
Ferrocerium and pyrophoric alloys 1,220 943 982 1,210 1,400
Rare-earth metals, scandium, yttrium 60 103 55 28 100

22 Source(s): US Geological Survey; US Census Bureau; ID 280133 United States
Production of bastnäsite concentrates in the United States from 2012 to 2019 (in metric tons of rare-earth oxide
equivalent)
Bastnäsite production in the U.S. 2012-2019
30,000
26,000
25,000
Production in metric tons of REO
20,000
18,000
15,000
10,000
5,500 5,400 5,900

5,000
3,000
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2018 2019*

23 Source(s): US Geological Survey; ID 616801 United States
Consumption of rare earths in the United States from 2015 to 2019 (in metric tons)*
U.S. rare earths consumption 2015-2019
14,000
13,000
12,000 11,600
10,500
10,000 9,550
9,060
Consumption in metric tons
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*

Demand for rare earths in the United States in 2019, by application
Demand in the U.S. for rare earths by application 2019
Share of demand
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Catalysts 75%
Ceramics and glass 5%
Metalurgical applications and alloys 5%
Glass polishing 5%
Other 10%
Note: United States; 2019

Prices
Average price of selected rare earth oxides in 2019 (in U.S. dollars per kilogram)*
Rare earth oxides average price in 2019
Rare earth oxide Price in U.S. dollars per kilogram of REO
Terbium oxide, 99.99% minimum 510
Dysprosium oxide, 99.5% minimum purity 240
Neodymium oxide, 99.5% minimum 45
Europium oxide, 99.9% minimum purity 35
Mischmetal, 65% cerium, 35% lanthanum 6
Lanthanum oxide, 99.5% minimum purity 2
Cerium oxide, 99.5% minimum purity 2

27 Source(s): US Geological Survey; Argus Media (Argus Metals); ID 617249 Prices
Forecast of rare earth oxide prices worldwide from 2019 to 2025*
Global price forecast of rare earth oxides 2019-2025
2019 2022 2025
Lanthanum oxide (US$/metric ton) 1,877 1,770 1,650
Cerium oxide (US$/metric ton) 1,899 1,775 1,660
Praseodymium oxide (US$/metric ton) 54,017 55,500 94,500
Neodymium oxide (US$/metric ton) 44,578 44,200 77,500
Samarium oxide (US$/metric ton) 1,836 1,680 1,620
Europium oxide (US$/kilogram) 35 27 28
Gadolinium oxide (renminbi/metric ton) 159,636 165,000 175,000
Terbium oxide (US$/kilogram) 504 550 800
Dysprosium oxide (US$/kilogram) 235 280 530
Holmium oxide (US$/kilogram) 348.6 290 270
Erbium oxide (US$/kilogram) 24 19 17
Ytterbium oxide (renminbi/kilogram) 108.9 100 100
Lutetium oxide (renminbi/kilogram) 4,174.8 4,200 4,300
Yttrium oxide (US$/kilogram) 3 2.8 2.7
Scandium oxide (renminbi/kilogram) 7,027.2 7,000 7,000

28 Source(s): Asian Metal; Stormcrow; ID 449838 Prices
Cerium oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)*
Forecast of cerium oxide price globally 2009-2025
120,000
98,217
100,000
Price in U.S. dollars per metric ton
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
3,437 1,565 2,146 1,899 1,815 1,785 1,775 1,755 1,740 1,660
0
2009 2011 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

29 Source(s): Stormcrow; Asian Metal; ID 450146 Prices
Dysprosium oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per kilogram)
Forecast of rare earth oxide dysprosium oxide price globally 2009-2025
1,600
1,508
1,400
1,200
Price in U.S. dollars per kilogram
1,000
800
600 530
420
400
310
265 280
235 240
192 177
200
109
0
2009 2011 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Lanthanum oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)*
Forecast of lanthanum oxide price globally 2009-2025
120,000
98,757
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
4,604
1,856 2,185 1,877 1,810 1,780 1,770 1,750 1,730 1,650
0
2009 2011 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Neodymium oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)
Forecast of rare earth oxide neodymium oxide price globally 2009-2025
300,000
251,741
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
77,500
56,500
49,804 44,578 46,000
50,000 39,327 41,700 44,000 44,200
15,427
0
2009 2011 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Outlook
Total rare earth oxide production worldwide excluding China from 2015 to 2025 (in metric tons)
Forecast of rare earth oxide production globally excluding China 2015-2025
100,000
94,000 94,000 94,000 94,000
90,000
84,000
80,000
70,000
63,000
Production in metric tons
60,000
53,000
50,000
41,756
40,000
30,000 26,244
23,903
21,272
20,000
10,000
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025*

34 Source(s): Stormcrow; ID 450137 Outlook
Total rare earth oxide demand worldwide excluding China from 2010 to 2025 (in metric tons)*
Forecast of rare earth oxide demand globally excluding China 2010-2025
70,000
65,039
63,619
61,097 62,231
60,873
59,540
60,000 58,242
54,873
51,793
48,962
50,000
46,366
45,079
43,794
39,192
40,000
34,703 34,919
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

35 Source(s): Stormcrow; ID 450098 Outlook
Forecast consumption volume distribution of rare earths worldwide in 2028, by application
Global consumption forecast distribution of rare earths by application 2028
Other 7%
Phosphors 1%
Metal alloys 6%
Batteries 7%
Glass 32%
Ceramics 9%
Catalysts 17%
Magnets 21%

36 Source(s): Argus Media; ID 1062169 Outlook
References
Reserves of rare earths worldwide from 2010 to 2019 (in million metric tons)
Rare earths - total global reserves 2010-2019
Description
Source and methodology information
The total volume of rare earth mineral reserves worldwide have remained relatively constant during the years
Source(s) US Geological Survey from 2010 to 2019. In 2019 global rare earth mineral reserves amounted to 120 million metric tons. In 2013
there was a high, when reserves amounted to 140 million metric tons.
Conducted by US Geological Survey
Survey period 2010 to 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Number of respondents n.a.
Age group n.a.
Special characteristics n.a.
Published by US Geological Survey
Publication date February 2020
Original source USGS - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020, page 133
Website URL visit the website
Notes: n.a.
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38 References
Rare earth reserves worldwide as of 2019, by country (in 1,000 metric tons REO)*
Rare earth reserves worldwide by country 2019
Description
This statistic illustrates the global rare earth reserves as estimated as of 2019, by country. In that year, India was
Source(s) US Geological Survey estimated to own reserves of approximately 6.9 million metric tons of rare-earth oxides. Rare earth reserves
According to estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey, the worldwide reserves of rare earths are approximately
Conducted by US Geological Survey 120 million metric tons. Most of these reserves are located within China, and are estimated at some 44 million
metric tons. The United States also owns significant reserves, which are estimated to be some 1.4 million metric
Survey period 2019 tons. In addition, within the major rare earth holding countries are India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia. With
over 132,000 metric tons produced from mines in 2018, China by far exploited most of its rare earths reserves.
Region(s) Worldwide China produces most of these amounts in Inner Mongolia. The United States, which is the second largest
producer of rare earths from mines, extracted some 26,000 metric tons of these commodities in the same year.
Number of respondents n.a. Rare earth elements, also called rare earth metals, are a group of 17 chemical elements. The largest subgroup
within it are the 15 lanthanides. The two other elements are scandium and yttrium. Based on quantity, the
Age group n.a.
lanthanides cerium, lanthanum and neodymium are the most produced rare earths elements. Yttrium , one of
the rare earths that was explored first, has its name from the town where it was found - Ytterby, Sweden.
Nowadays, rare earth elements are crucial for a number of key technologies such as medical technology and
Published by US Geological Survey energy technology. They are used, among many other things, for lasers, battery electrodes, magnets, MRI
contrast agents, catalysts, alloys, etc. It is expected that in the near future , most of the rare earth metals will be
Publication date February 2020 needed for magnets and metal alloys.
Notes: * REO = rare earth oxides. All figures are estimates.
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39 References
Mine production of rare earth elements worldwide from 2010 to 2019 (in 1,000 metric tons REO)
Global rare earths mine production volume 2010-2019
Description
Globally, the total mine production of rare earth elements nearly doubled between 2010 and 2019, from
Source(s) US Geological Survey approximately 133,000 metric tons of rare-earth-oxide (REO) content in 2010, to approximately 210,000 metric
tons of REO content in 2019.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Notes: *Estimated. This statistic has been assembled using several editions of the
report.
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40 References
Major countries in rare earth mine production worldwide 2019 (in metric tons REO)
Major countries in rare earth mine production 2019
Description
In 2019, China had a mine production of some 132,000 metric tons of rare-earth oxide. China is the world's
Source(s) US Geological Survey largest producer of rare earths. The following elements are among rare earths: cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy),
erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd),
Conducted by US Geological Survey praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb),
and yttrium (Y).
Survey period 2018 and 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Notes: REO: rare earth oxide. No value means no data available. Figures are
stimated. * Production estimates based on Chinese imports. This statistic has
been assembled using several editions of the report.
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41 References
Distribution of rare earths production worldwide as of 2019, by country*
Rare earth mining - global distribution by country 2019
Description
This statistic depicts the distribution of rare earth production worldwide by country as of 2019. At that time,
Source(s) US Geological Survey China produced a 61.97 percent share of the total global rare earth mine production, making it by far the
world's largest rare earth producer.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Notes: * Calculated based on the (rounded) mine production figures in metric tons of
rare-earth oxide (REO) equivalent content.
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42 References
Selected rare earth companies outside China in 2021, by market capitalization (in million Canadian dollars)*
Major rare earth companies outside China by market capitalization 2021
Description
This statistic shows the market capitalization of the leading global rare earth mining companies (outside of
Source(s) MiningFeeds China), as of January 2021. At that time, with a market capitalization of approximately 1.01 billion Canadian
dollars, Australian mining company Lynas Corporation Ltd. was ranked second among rare earth mineral mining
Conducted by MiningFeeds companies operating outside of China.
Survey period as of January 4, 2021
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Published by MiningFeeds
Publication date January 2021
Original source miningfeeds.com
Notes: * Market capitalization as of January 4, 2021. Only companies outside of

China are included. Values are in Canadian dollars.
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43 References
Mineral sands revenue of Iluka from 2014 to 2019 (in million Australian dollars)
Iluka revenues on mineral sands 2014-2019
Description
The Australian-based company Iluka reported revenues on their mineral sands business amounting to nearly
Source(s) Iluka 1.2 billion Australian dollars in 2019, up from approximately 725 million Australian dollars in 2014.
Conducted by Iluka
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Published by Iluka
Original source Iluka Annual Report 2019, page 14
Notes: For the year ended on December 31, 2019. One Australian dollar equaled
0.69939 U.S. dollars as of December 31, 2019.
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44 References
Lynas Corporation's revenue from 2017 to 2020 (in million Australian dollars)*
Lynas Corporation's revenue 2017-2020
Description
This statistic depicts the revenue of rare earth producer Lynas Corporation from 2017 to 2020, at fiscal year
Source(s) Lynas Corporation ended June 30. In 2020, the corporation reported a revenue of some 305.1 million Australian dollars. Lynas
Corporation Ltd is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.
Conducted by Lynas Corporation
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Published by Lynas Corporation
Publication date October 2020
Original source Lynas Corporation - Annual Report 2020, page 8
Notes: * All figures as at June 30 of each year.
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45 References
Rare earth oxide demand worldwide from 2017 to 2025 (in metric tons)
Global rare earth oxide demand 2017-2025
Description
The total global demand for rare earth oxides (REOs) is expected to increase from 208,250 metric tons in 2019
Source(s) Stormcrow to a forecasted 304,678 metric tons by 2025. REOs are used for a variety of applications, including in permanent
magnets, in batteries, in catalysts, and more.
Conducted by Stormcrow
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Published by Stormcrow
Original source Rare Earths 2020 Report - Things are not Great, but The Will Get Better,
pdf page 14
Notes: *Figures from 2020-2025 are forecast.
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46 References
Distribution of rare earth consumption volume worldwide in 2018 by element
Global consumption share of rare earths by element 2018
Description
Cerium and lanthanum accounted for almost two thirds of the consumption of rare earths worldwide in 2018,
Source(s) Argus Media accounting for around 35 percent and 30 percent of global consumption, respectively. Rare earths are forecast
to be widely used for catalyst and magnet applications in the next decade.
Conducted by Argus Media
Survey period 2018
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Published by Argus Media
Original source Rare Earth Market Overview, pdf page 18
Notes: n.a.
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47 References
Distribution of rare earth consumption value worldwide in 2018, by element
Global consumption value distribution of rare earths by element 2018
Description
In 2018, the rare earth element neodymium accounted for almost half of the total global value of rare earths.
Source(s) Argus Media Praseodymium and dysprosium also accounted for significant shares of the global consumption value of rare
earths, at 20 percent and 13 percent, respectively.
Survey period 2018
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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48 References
Demand for rare earth oxides worldwide in 2019 and 2025 by end use (in metric tons)
Demand for rare earth oxides worldwide by application 2019 & 2025
Description
Rare earth elements, and their oxides (REOs), consist of 17 elements, including cerium, dysprosium, erbium,
Source(s) Stormcrow and so on. They are used in many important applications, including in many technological applications.
Increasing demand has put a strain on their supply, however, which comes mainly from China. In 2019, global
Conducted by Stormcrow REO demand for the production of magnets amounted to 43,733 metric tons, and is forecast to increase nearly
double, to 82,469 metric tons by 2025.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
page 14
Notes: *Forecast.
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49 References
Production forecast of rare earths in China from 1990 to 2050 (in tons)
China's rare earths production forecast 1990-2050
Description
This statistic displays the total production forecast of all categories of rare earths in China from 1990 to 2050,
Source(s) Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu) with actual figures for the period between 1995 and 2010 for mixed rare earths and ion-absorbed rare earths,
and between 2000 and 2010 for bastnasite rare earths. Using the Generalized Weng model, it was calculated
Conducted by Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu) that China's total rare earth production in 1990 was approximately 7,638.72 tons. It is forecast that by 2050 the
combined rare earths production in China will be some 67,378.55 tons.
Survey period as of November 2014
Region(s) China
Age group n.a.
Published by Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu)
Publication date November 2014
Original source Production forecast of China's rare earths based on the Generalized
Weng model and policy recommendations, page 15
Notes: * Actual production figures for the portions between 1995 and 2010; all other
figures are forecasts. The figure for 1990 is a backwards estimation based on
the linear relations of the actual annual figures for the years 1994-2010 for
mixed rare earths and ion-absorbed rare earths, and between 2000 a [...] For
more information visit our Website
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50 References
Production forecast of mixed rare earths in China from 1990 to 2050 (in tons)
China's mixed rare earths production forecast 1990-2050
Description
This statistic displays the production forecast of mixed rare earths in China from 1990 to 2050, with actual
Source(s) Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu) figures for the period between 1995 and 2010. Using the Generalized Weng model, it was calculated that
China's production of mixed rare earths in 1990 was approximately 6,633.86 tons. It is forecast that by 2050 the
Conducted by Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu) mixed rare earth production in China will be some 28,429.17 tons.
Survey period as of November 2014
Region(s) China
Age group n.a.
Published by Resources Policy ( X. Wang, Y. Lei, J. Ge, and S. Wu)
Original source Production forecast of China's rare earths based on the Generalized
Weng model and policy recommendations, page 15
Notes: * Actual production figures; all other figures are forecasts. The figure for 1990
is a backwards estimation based on the linear relations of the actual annual
figures for the years 1994-2010 used in the study. Forecast figures were
calculated using the Generalized Weng model.
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51 References
Average Chinese domestic prices for selected rare earth oxides as of January 2021 (in renminbi per metric ton)
Chinese domestic prices for rare earth oxides 2021
Description
This statistic displays the average Chinese domestic prices for selected rare earth oxides as of January 5, 2021.
Source(s) Shanghai Metals Market At that time, cerium oxide had an average domestic price of 10,000 renminbi per metric ton in China.
Conducted by Shanghai Metals Market
Survey period January 5, 2021
Region(s) China
Age group n.a.
Published by Shanghai Metals Market
Original source price.metal.com
Notes: n.a.
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52 References
Rare earth imports to the United States from 2015 to 2019, by product (in metric tons)*
U.S. rare earth imports by product 2015-2019
Description
This statistic displays the United States' rare earth imports from 2015 to 2019, by product. In 2019, some 310
Source(s) US Geological Survey; US Census Bureau metric tons of of rare-earth oxide (REO) equivalent content of ferrocerium alloys were imported to the United
States.
Conducted by US Census Bureau
Region(s) United States
Age group n.a.
Notes: * REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated. **

Estimated.
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53 References
Rare earth exports from the United States from 2015 to 2019, by product (in metric tons)
U.S. rare earth exports by product 2015-2019
Description
This statistic displays the United States' rare earth exports from 2015 to 2019, by product type. In 2018, some
Source(s) US Geological Survey; US Census Bureau 1,210 metric tons of ferrocerium alloys were exported from the United States. One year later, the amount of
these compounds increased to around 1,400 metric tons.
Conducted by US Census Bureau
Age group n.a.
Notes: * Estimated All values are on REO (rare earth oxides) basis.
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54 References
Production of bastnäsite concentrates in the United States from 2012 to 2019 (in metric tons of rare-earth oxide
equivalent)
Bastnäsite production in the U.S. 2012-2019
Description
This statistic displays the production of bastnäsite in the United States from 2012 to 2019. In 2019, the U.S.
Source(s) US Geological Survey produced some 26,000 metric tons of rare earth oxide equivalents of bastnäsite. Bastnäsite is a group of three
carbonate-fluoride minerals, each composed of different combinations of the rare earth elements cerium,
Conducted by US Geological Survey lanthanum, and yttrium in combination with carbonate-fluoride. Rare earth elements today are commonly used
in automobile catalysts and petroleum refining catalysts, televisions, magnets, batteries, and medical devices.
Age group n.a.
Notes: * Estimated. Figures for 2016 and 2017 were not available due to withheld
proprietary data. This statistic was assembled using several editions of the
report.
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55 References
Consumption of rare earths in the United States from 2015 to 2019 (in metric tons)*
U.S. rare earths consumption 2015-2019
Description
This statistic displays the apparent consumption of rare earths in the United States from 2014 to 2019. In 2019,
Source(s) US Geological Survey the apparent consumption of rare earths in the U.S. amounted to an estimated 13,000 metric tons.
Age group n.a.
Notes: * Estimated. Apparent consumption, defined as production + imports -

exports.
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56 References
Demand for rare earths in the United States in 2019, by application
Demand in the U.S. for rare earths by application 2019
Description
This statistic displays the demand for rare earths in the United States by application in 2019. In that year, 75
Source(s) US Geological Survey percent of the demand for rare earths was attributable to catalysts. Rare earth supply in the United States is
fully dependent on imports, primarily from China. Rare earth elements today are commonly used in automobile
Conducted by US Geological Survey catalysts and petroleum refining catalysts, televisions, magnets, batteries, and medical devices.
Survey period 2019
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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57 References
Average price of selected rare earth oxides in 2019 (in U.S. dollars per kilogram)*
Rare earth oxides average price in 2019
Description
This statistic shows the estimated average price of selected rare earth oxides (REOs) in 2019. As of the end of
Source(s) US Geological Survey; Argus Media (Argus Metals) 2018, the estimated average price for terbium oxide at a minimum purity of 99.99% stood at 510 U.S. dollars
per kilogram.
Conducted by Argus Media (Argus Metals)
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Notes: * Figures are estimated as of year end 2018.
Back to statistic
58 References
Forecast of rare earth oxide prices worldwide from 2019 to 2025*
Global price forecast of rare earth oxides 2019-2025
Description
By 2025, lanthanum oxide is forecasted to have a price of 1,650 U.S. dollars per metric ton. There are 17 rare
Source(s) Asian Metal; Stormcrow earth elements and although they may be fairly abundant in the Earth's crust, often they occur at sparse
intervals are are less economically exploitable.
Conducted by Stormcrow; Asian Metal
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Published by Stormcrow; Stormcrow
Original source Rare Earths Update 2020: Things are not Great, but They Will Get Better,
page 16
Notes: * Base case prices. Figures for 2022 and 2025 are forecast.
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59 References
Cerium oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)*
Forecast of cerium oxide price globally 2009-2025
Description
This statistic displays the price of rare earth oxide cerium oxide globally from 2009 to 2025. It is expected that
Source(s) Stormcrow; Asian Metal the price of cerium oxide will reach some 1,815 U.S. dollars per metric ton in 2020.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
page 16
Notes: * Base-case rare earth price deck. From 2020 on all figures are forecasted.
Back to statistic
60 References
Dysprosium oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per kilogram)
Forecast of rare earth oxide dysprosium oxide price globally 2009-2025
Description
This statistic shows the price development of rare earth oxide dysprosium oxide globally from 2009 to 2025. It is
Source(s) Stormcrow; Asian Metal expected that the price of dysprosium oxide will reach some 530 U.S. dollars per kilogram in 2025.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
page 16
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61 References
Lanthanum oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)*
Forecast of lanthanum oxide price globally 2009-2025
Description
This statistic displays the average price of lanthanum oxide globally from 2009 to 2025. It is expected that the
Source(s) Stormcrow; Asian Metal price of lanthanum oxide will reach some 1,810 U.S. dollars per metric ton in 2020. There are 17 rare earth
elements and although, they may be fairly abundant in the Earth's crust, often they occur at sparse intervals are
Conducted by Stormcrow; Asian Metal are less economically exploitable.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
page 16
Notes: * Base-case" rare earth price deck. From 2020 on all figures are forecast.
Back to statistic
62 References
Neodymium oxide price worldwide from 2009 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)
Forecast of rare earth oxide neodymium oxide price globally 2009-2025
Description
This statistic depicts the price of rare earth oxide neodymium oxide globally from 2009 to 2025. It is expected
Source(s) Stormcrow; Asian Metal that the price of neodymium oxide will reach some 41,700 U.S. dollars per metric ton in 2020. Until 2025, the
price is expected to increase over 77 thousand dollars per metric ton.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
page 16
Back to statistic
63 References
Total rare earth oxide production worldwide excluding China from 2015 to 2025 (in metric tons)
Forecast of rare earth oxide production globally excluding China 2015-2025
Description
This statistic displays the total production of rare earth oxides (REOs) globally (excluding China) from 2015 to
Source(s) Stormcrow 2019, with forecast figures for 2020 to 2025. It is expected that the production of rare earth oxides worldwide
excluding China (the world's largest producer by far) will reach some 94,000 metric tons by 2025.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
pdf page 15
Notes: * From 2020-2025 on all values are forecasts. Figures include Australia's
production, the United States' production, as well as 'other', which is not
specified by the source. Figure for 2016 has no value for U.S. production.
Back to statistic
64 References
Total rare earth oxide demand worldwide excluding China from 2010 to 2025 (in metric tons)*
Forecast of rare earth oxide demand globally excluding China 2010-2025
Description
This statistic displays a forecast of the total latent demand for rare earth oxides globally (excluding China) from
Source(s) Stormcrow 2010 to 2025. It is expected that the demand for rare earth oxides will reach some 65,039 metric tons
worldwide outside of China by 2025.
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Original source Initiating Sector Coverage: The Rare Earths Market Keeps Changing, page
7
Notes: * Latent demand. From 2015 on all figures are forecasted.
Back to statistic
65 References
Forecast consumption volume distribution of rare earths worldwide in 2028, by application
Global consumption forecast distribution of rare earths by application 2028
Description
Glass applications are forecast to consume around 32 percent of the volume of rare earths by 2028, while other
Source(s) Argus Media applications, such as magnets and catalysts are expected to account for around 21 percent and 17 percent of
the consumption volume of rare earths respectively.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Worldwide
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
Back to statistic
66 References

Study Id10040 Rare Earths Statista Dossier

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Rare earths industry worldwide

RARE EARTHS INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE

02 Companies (outside China)

Global consumption share of rare earths by element 2018 13

Reserves in thousand metric tons REO*

World total 120,000

United States 1,400

South Africa 790

Note: Worldwide; 2019

Note: Worldwide; 2010 to 2019

Production in metric tons of rare-earth oxide

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

United States 26,000

Note: Worldwide; 2018 and 2019

Share of global production

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

United States 12.2%

Note: Worldwide; 2019

Companies (outside China)

Market capitalization in million Canadian dollars

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

Note: Worldwide; as of January 4, 2021

Note: Worldwide; 2017 to 2020

Note: Worldwide; 2017 to 2019

Samarium 2% Gadolinium 1% Dysprosium 1%

Note: Worldwide; 2018

Gadolinium 2% Europium 1% Yttrium 1%

Dysprosium 13% Neodymium 49%

Note: Worldwide; 2018

Demand in metric tons

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000

Note: Worldwide; 2019

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000

Note: China; as of November 2014

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

Note: China; as of November 2014

Price in renminbi per metric ton

Neodymium oxide 512,000

Praesodymium oxide 365,000

Gadoliniumm oxide 178,000

Erbium oxide 167,000

Yttrium oxide 20,500

Samarium oxide 11,500

Cerium oxide 10,000

Lanthanum oxide 9,750

Terbium oxide 7,350

Dysprosium oxide 1,950

Europium oxide 210

Note: China; January 5, 2021

Product 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019**

Compounds 9,160 11,500 11,000 10,800 14,000

Ferrocerium alloys 356 268 309 301 310

Note: United States; 2015 to 2019

Product 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*

Compounds 4,980 590 1,740 16,800 26,000

Ferrocerium and pyrophoric alloys 1,220 943 982 1,210 1,400

Rare-earth metals, scandium, yttrium 60 103 55 28 100

Note: United States; 2015 to 2019

5,500 5,400 5,900

Note: United States; 2012 to 2019

Note: United States; 2015 to 2019

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%