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Title
Subtitle

NAME : ICHA NOVITA SARI

NPM : 1923014

Lecturer : trisilia devana, M.pd

CHAPTER 2
TECHNOLOGY FOR LEARNING
 TECHNOLOGY FOR LEARNING
• T h e n a ti o n of t ec h no log y b ei n g a pr o c es s i s h i g h -l i g h t ed i n
t h e d efi n it io n of in t r u c t ion a l tec h n ol o g y g i ven by t h e
l ea n d i n g p r o f es s io n a l a s s oc i a t i on i n t h a t fi el d : “ t h e t h eor y
p ra c t i c e o f des ig n , d evelo pm en t, u t i l i z a t i o n , m a n a g e m en t
a n d eva l u a t ion of p r oc es es s a n d r es ou r c es f or l ea r n i n g ”
(s ee l & r ic h ey, 1 9 9 4 , p. 9 ).

• T h e d evelop er s of p r og ra m m ed i n t r u c t i on c a l l ed i t a
t e chn ol o g y for l e a r ni ng .
Cooperative learning

• C o op era t ive lea r n in g

i nvo l ves s m a ll
h et er og en ou s g r ou p of
s t u d en t s w or k ing
t og et h er t o a c hi eve a
c om m on a c d em ic g oa l o r
t a s k w h il e wo r k in g
t og et h er t o lea r
c ol a b ora t ion a n d s os ia l
skills.
 ADVANTAGES LIMITATION INTEGRATION

 ACTIVE LEARNING  STUDENT

Students can learn
cooperatively not only
 SOSIAL SKILLS COMPATIBILITY
 STUDENT DEPENDENCY by being taught with
 INTERDEPENDENCE
 TIME CONSUMING material but also by
 INDIVIDUAL  INDIVIDUALISTS producing material
 LOGISTICAL OBSTACLES themselves.
ACCOUNTABILITY
 Te a m -A s s i s t e d
L e a r n i n g To g e t h e r M o d e l
Individualization

 Po s i t i v e  Te a c h i n g G r o u p
Interdependence
 Te a m Fo r m a t i o n
 Fa c e To Fa c e H e l p i n g
Interaction  S e l f- i n tr u c t i o n a l
Material
 Individual
Accountability  Te a m S t u d y

 Te a c h i n g I n t e r p e r s o n a l  Te a m S c o r e A n d Te a m
And Small Group Skills Re c o gn i t i o n
Computer-based
Cooperative Learning

• Computer assistance can

alleviate some of the
logistical obstacles to using
cooperative learning methods,
particulately the task of
managing information,
a l l o c a t i n g d i ff e r e n t i n d i v i d u a l
responsibilities, presenting,
and monitoring instructional
material, analyzing, leaner
responses, administering test,
scoring and proving
remediation.
 GAMES
A game is an activity in which
participants follow prescribed rules
that differ from those of real life bas
they strive to attain in challenging
goal.
A D VA N TAG E S

 Attractive
 Attainment Of Cognitive
 Novel
Objective  Atmosphere
 Adding Motivation To Topics  T i m e O f Ta s k

That Ordinarily Attract Little L I M I TAT I O N

Student Interest  Competition

 Basic Skill  Distraction

 Poor Design
 SIMULATION

A simulation is an abstraction or
simplication of some real-life
situation or prosess.
A D VAN TAG E S

Rea l i s t ic
INTEGRATION
S a fe
 Training In Motor Skill S i m p l i fi ed
 Intruction In Social Interaction And
L IM ITAT IO N
Human Relationship
 Development Odf Decision-making T i m e C o ns u m i n g
Skill. Over s i m p l i c a ti on
 Learning centers

Learning center is a self-contained

environment design to promote
individual or small-group learning
around a specific task.
A D VA N TA G E S

 Self-pacing

 Active learning
INTEGRATION
 Te a c h e r r o l e
 Skill centers
L I M I TAT I O N
 Interest centers
 Cost
 Remidial centers
 Management

 Student responsbility

 Student isolation
 Programmed Instruction

Programmed intruction was

chronologically the first technology for
learning and in explicit application of
principles of learning theory operant
conditioning or reinforcement theory. A D VA N TA G E S

 Self pacing

 Practice and feedback

INTEGRATION
 Re alible

Programmed material have been  E ff e c t i v e

used successfully from the
elementary school through the L I M I TAT I O N S
adult education level and in
almnost every subject area.  Program design

 Te d i o u s

 Lack of social interaction

 Programmed Tutoring

Programmed tutoring is one-to-one

method of instruction in which the
tutor’s responses are programmed in
advance in the form of carefully
structured printed instructions.
ADVANTAGES

 Self Pacing
INTEGRATION  Practice And Feedback
 Realible
Reading and mathematics have been by  Effective
far the most popular subjects for tutoring.
Being basic skills and highly structured by
nature, these subjects lend them- selves LIMITATIONS
well to this typical application In using
programmed tutoring, keep in mind that  Labor Intensive
re- search consistently indicates that  Development Cost
tutors also learn from tutoring.
 Programmed Teaching
Programmed teaching is direct
instruction that attempt to apply the
principles of programmed instruction
in a large-group setting .

A D VA N TA G E S
INTEGRATION
 Self pacing
Programmed materials have been used
successfully from the elementary school  Practice and feedback
through the adult education level and in
almost every subject area. Programmed  Realible
instruction is particularly useful as an E ff e c t i v e
enrichment activity. It can help provide
highly motivated students with additional L I M I TAT I O N S
learning experiences that the teacher might
ordinarily be unable to provide because of  Labor intensive
classroom time pressures.
 Development cosr
CHAPTER 10
MULTIMEDIA
 Multimedia
• Multimedia refers to the sequential or
simultaneo us use of a va riety o f media
fo rmats in gi ven presentati on or self-
study

• Multimedia kit is a collection of

teaching /learning materials involving
more than one type of medium and
organized around a single topic.

• Kits may include CD-ROMs,

fi l m s t r i p s , s l i d e s , a u d i o t a p e s , v i d e o t a p e s ,
still
pictures,studyprints,overheadtranspare
ncies,maps,worksheets,charts,graphs,b
ooklets,real objects,and models
ADVANTAGES
INTEGRATION
In te re sts
Multimedia kits are
Coorperation
particularly well suited to

Logistics content for which discovery

l e a r n i n g i s p r e f e r r e d , Yo u
LIMITATIONS can pose questions to
guide learnen' exploration
E xpe nse and arrival at conclusions.
Science topics are well
Time con su ming
suited to this approach,

Replacements
HYPERMEDIA
• H yp er m ed ia r ef er s to
c om p u t er s o f twa r e t ha t
u s es el em en t s o f
t ext , g ra ph ic s , vi deo, a n d
a u d i o c on n ec t ed in s u c h
a way t h a t u s er s c a n
ea s i ly m ove wit h in t h e
i n f or m a t io n .
A D VA N TA G E S
Engrossing
ADVANTAGES INTEGRATION
M uEngrossing
 ltisensory Hypermedia can be developed and
 Multisensory used on the computers that are
C o n n e c t i o n s
 Connections commonly found in schools

I n Individualized
dividualized Hypermedia programs are available
Te Teacher
a c h e r aand
n d student
s t u d e n tcreation
creation
as off-the-shelf courseware;
trachen can create them to fir
L I M I TAT I O N S unique local needs; or students can
LIMITATIONS create them as a way of organizing
G e t t i n g l o s e
 Getting lose and synthesizing their research on a

L aLacks
c k s ooff sstructure
tructure topic of interest. Ready-made by
N oNoninteractive media instructional courseware is
n i n t e ra c t i v e
becoming available for teachers to
 Complex
C o m p l e x use in their class-room.
 Time consuming
T i m e c o n s u m i n g
INTERACTIVE
MEDIA

I n t era c t i ve Med ia
c r ea tes a m u lt im e dia
l ea r n i n g env ir on m en t
t h a t c a pit a liz es o n th e
f ea t u r es of b ot h v id eo
a n d c om p u t er -a s s is t ed
i n s tr u c t i o n .
A D V A N TA G E S
I N T E G R AT I O N
 Multiple Media
Interactive media is a valuable
 Learner participation learning system for that must be

 Individualization shown rather than simply toldIf

learners need to interact with the
 Flexibility
instruction, interactive media is
 Simulations an appropriate choice.
Interactive media systems are
L I M I TAT I O N S
currently being used in a variety
 Cost
of instructional applications, from
 Production expense t e a c h i n g s c i e n t i fi c p h e n o m e n a t o
teaching special education
 Rigidity
students to tell time
VIRTUAL
REALITY
V i r t u a l r ea l i t y i s on e o f
t h e n ewes t m u l t i m ed i a
a p p l i c a ti on s o f c om p u t er -
b a s ed t ec h n ol o g i e s .
A D VA N TA G E S L I M I TAT I O N S

 Safety  Cost

 Expansive  Complexity

 Opportunities to  Limited titles

explore
EXPERT
SYSTEM
E x pe r t s y s tem S o f t wa r e
p a c k a g es th a t tea c h
l ea r n er s h ow t o s olve a
c om p l ex p r o ble m by
a p p l y i n g t h e c ollec t ive
w is d om of ex per t s in a
g i ven fi eld .
ANALYZE LEANERS
• G e n e ra l C h a ra c t e r i c t i c s

• Entry Competencies

• Learning Style

• State Objectives

• Select Methods, Media, And Materials

• Utilize Media And Materials

• L e a r n e r Pa r t i c i p a t i o n

• E va l u a t e A n d Re v i s e
CONCLUTION

 Te c h n o l o g y has a l wa y s had a va r i e t y of
c o n n o t a t i o n s , ra n g i n g from m er e h a r d wa r e to a w ay of
s o l v i n g p r o b l em .

 Te c h n o l o g y f o r l ea r n i n g r e f er s t o b o t h t h e p r o d u c t s an d t h e
p r o c es s of technology as they are a p p l i ed to human
learning

 M u l t i m e d i a r e f e r s t o t h e s e q u e n t i a l o r s i m u l t an e o u s u s e o f a
va r i e t y o f m e d i a f o r m a t s i n g i ve n p r es e n t at i o n o r s el f- s t u d y