Arithmetic Progression

a sequence of numbers in which each differs from the

preceding by a constant quantity.
 Formula:
= + (n – 1) d
Where:
= term of the arithmetic progression
= 1st term of the arithmetic progression
d = common difference
Example of an Arithmetic Progression.
AP: 2, 6, 10, 14…
Can you determine the 100th term?
Identify the following before using the formula.
+ (n – 1) d
= 1 term = 2
st
+ (100 – 1)(4)
n = 100
+ (99)(4)
d=6–2=4 + 396
Using the formula… 𝒂 𝟏𝟎𝟎=¿𝟑𝟗𝟖 ¿
Using the AP: 5, 12, 19…
Determine the 82nd term and 728th term.
Solve for Solve for
+ (n – 1) d + (n – 1) d
+ (82 – 1)(7) + (728 – 1)(7)
+ (81)(7) + (727)(7)
+ 567 + 5089
𝒂 𝟖𝟐=¿ 𝟓𝟕𝟐 ¿ 𝒂 𝟕𝟐𝟖=¿𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟒 ¿
Using the AP: -2, -5, -8… Remember that when
Determine the 24th term. we solve for d, we subtract
Solve for two consecutive terms
+ (n – 1) d d = -5 – (-2)
+ (24 – 1) d d = -5 + 2
+ (24 – 1)(-3) d=-3
+ (23)(-3)
+ (-69) 𝒂 𝟐𝟒=¿ −𝟕𝟏¿
Using the AP: , , 1…
Determine the 300 term.
th Solve for d
Solve for d= –
+ (n – 1) d
+ (300 – 1) (
+ (299)( 𝒂 𝟑𝟎𝟎=¿𝟏𝟎𝟎 ¿
+
Arithmetic Series
The sum of an arithmetic progression.
 Formula:
= + (n – 1) d]
Where:
= sum of a given series
= 1st term of the arithmetic series
d = common difference
Example of an Arithmetic Series.
AS: 3 + 9 + 15 + 21 +…
Can you determine the sum of the first 10 terms?
= + (n – 1) d] = (5)(60)
= + (10 – 1)(6)] = 300

= (5)+ (9)(6)]
= (5)+ 54]
Using the AS: 2 + 7 + 12 +… How many terms do we have
Solve for sum from to from the 5th up to the 10th term?

First, solve for Subtract the numbers and

ALWAYS add 1. (10 – 5)+1 = 6
+ (n – 1) d
We have a total of “6” terms
+ (5 – 1)(5) that we need to add.
+ (4)(5)
There are; , , ,
+ 20 ,,.
𝒂 𝟓=¿𝟐𝟐¿
𝑾𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎𝟐𝟐 Therefore, n = 6
CONTINUATION = + (n – 1) d]
Using the AS: 2 + 7 + 12 +… = + (6 – 1)(5)]
Solve for sum from to
= 3+ (5)(5)]
On the previous slide we have = 3+ 25)
determine that the value of
= 3)
= 22.
= 207
Also, we have determine that
the value of n = 6.
The sum from the 5th
We can now finally solve for the up to the 10th term is 207
sum from to
CONTINUATION
We check, if we extend the series by adding 5 continuously.
AS: 2 + 7 + 12 + 17 + 22 + 27 + 32 +37 + 42 + 47
𝒂𝟓 𝒂 𝟏𝟎

If we add 22 + 27 + 32 + 37 + 42 + 47, the result is?

20
Problem Solving:
An arithmetic progression consists of 21 terms. the sum of
the three terms in the middle is 129 and the sum of the last
three terms is 237. Determine the AP.
10 + 11 + 12 = 129
th th th
𝑂𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
= +(10 – 1)d
= 129 = +9d
= 129 = +(11 – 1)d
( = 129 )÷ 3 = +10d
+ 10d = 43 Equation 1 = +(12 – 1)d
= +11d
Problem Solving: (Continuation)
An arithmetic progression consists of 21 terms. the sum of
the three terms in the middle is 129 and the sum of the last
three terms is 237. Determine the AP.
19 + 20 + 21 = 237
th th st
𝑂𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
= +(19 – 1)d
= 237 = +18d
= 237 = +(20 – 1)d
(= 237 )÷ 3 = +19d
+ 19d = 79 Equation 2 = +(21 – 1)d
= +20d
Problem Solving: (Continuation)
Solve for d. Solve for .
S ubtract eq 1 ¿ eq 2 Subtitute value of d in eq 1 or eq 2.
+ 19d = 79 Using eq 1 Using eq 2
+ 10d = 43 + 10d = 43 + 19d = 79
+ 10(4) = 43 + 19(4) = 79
9d = 36
9 9 + 40 = 43 + 76 = 79
d=4 = 43 – 40 = 79 – 76
=3 =3
Problem Solving: (Continuation)
Since we finally identified the 1st term and the common
difference, it should be easy now to list the 21 terms of the
arithmetic progression.
AP: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39,
43, 47, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 75, 79, 83,
Prove
: An arithmetic progression consists of 21 terms.
The sum of the three terms in the middle is 129.
The sum of the last three terms is 237.
Geometric Progression
is a sequence of numbers where each term after the
first is found by multiplying the previous one by a
fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio.
=
 Formula:
Where:
= term of the geometric progression
= 1st term of the geometric progression
r = common ratio
Example of an Geometric Progression.
GP: 2, 4, 8, 16…
Can you determine the 10th term?
Identify the following before using the formula.
𝒏 −𝟏
= 1 term = 2
st 𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿
n = 10
r==2
Using the formula… 𝒂 𝟏𝟎=¿ 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 ¿
Using the GP: 1, 3, 9…
Determine the 12th term and 15th term.
Solve for Solve for
𝒏 −𝟏 𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿ 𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿
𝒂 𝟏𝟐 =¿ ( 𝟏)( 𝟑) 𝟏𝟐− 𝟏
¿
𝒂 𝟏𝟓=¿ ( 𝟏)( 𝟑)
𝟏𝟓 −𝟏
¿
𝒂 𝟏𝟐 =¿ ( 𝟏)( 𝟑) 𝟏𝟏
¿
(177147) (4782969)
𝒂 𝟏𝟐=¿ 𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟕 ¿ 𝒂 𝟏𝟓=¿ 𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟗 ¿
Using the GP: 2, -3, 4.5,… Remember that when
Determine the 20th term. we solve for r, we divide
Solve for two consecutive terms
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿ r = (-3) ÷ (2)
𝒂 𝟐𝟎 =¿ ( 𝟐)( −𝟏 .𝟓) 𝟐𝟎 −𝟏
¿ r = - 1.5
𝒂 𝟐𝟎 =¿ ( 𝟐)( −𝟏 . 𝟓) ¿𝟏𝟗

𝒂 𝟐𝟎=¿ ( 𝟐) (− 𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟔 .𝟖𝟒) ¿

𝒂 𝟐𝟎=¿ −𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟑 . 𝟔𝟖¿
Using the GP: , , … Solve for r: 2nd term
Determine the 8th term. divided by the 1st term.
Solve for (Proceed to multiplication
𝒏 −𝟏 and take the reciprocal of
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿ the divisor.)
𝒂 𝟏 𝟑 𝟖 −𝟏
𝟖=¿ (
𝟐
)(
𝟒
) ¿ r= x
÷ = =

𝒂 𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟕
( 𝟖=¿
𝟑𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟖
¿
The 5th and 7th term in a geometric progression is 32 and 128
respectively. Determine the 15th term.
Solution: Solve for r: Solve for :
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿ 𝟔
𝒂 𝟏 𝒓 =𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟑𝟐=𝒂 𝟏 𝒓 𝟒
𝟓 −𝟏
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿ 𝟒 𝟑𝟐=𝒂 𝟏 𝟐𝟒
÷ 𝒂 𝟏 𝒓 =𝟑𝟐
𝟑𝟐=𝒂 𝟏 𝒓 𝟒 𝟑𝟐=𝒂 𝟏 𝟏𝟔
𝟐
𝒏 −𝟏 𝒓 =𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿
𝒂¿ 𝒓 𝟕 −𝟏
¿ √ 𝒓 = √𝟒
𝟐
=2
𝟏𝟐𝟖=𝒂𝟏 𝒓 𝟔
Continuation
and r, we can now solve for

𝒏−𝟏
𝒂 𝒏=𝒂𝟏 𝒓
𝟏𝟓−𝟏
𝒂 𝟏𝟓 ¿ 𝟐(𝟐)
𝟏𝟒
𝒂 𝟏𝟓 ¿ 𝟐(𝟐)
𝒂 𝟏𝟓 =𝟐(𝟏𝟔 , 𝟑𝟖𝟒)
𝒂 𝟏𝟓 =𝟑𝟐 , 𝟕𝟔𝟖
Geometric Series
The sum of a geometric progression.
 Formula:
=
Where:
= sum of a given series
= 1st term of the geometric series
r = common ratio
Example of an Geometric Series.
GS: 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 +…
Can you determine the sum of the first 12 terms?
= =
= =

= = 4095
Example of an Geometric Series.
GS: -3 + 12 - 48 + 192 +…
Can you determine the sum of the first 12 terms?
= =
= =

= = 10066329
Using the GS: 2 + 6 + 18 +… How many terms do we have
Solve for sum from to from the 6th up to the 9th term?

First, solve for Subtract the numbers and

ALWAYS add 1. (9 – 6)+1 = 4
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂¿ 𝒓 ¿
𝟔− 𝟏 We have a total of “4” terms
𝒂 𝟔= ¿ (𝟐) (𝟑) ¿
𝟓
that we need to add.
𝒂 𝟔= ¿ (𝟐) (𝟑) ¿
𝒂 𝟔=¿(𝟐)(𝟐𝟒𝟑 )¿ These are; , ,, .

𝒂 𝟔=¿𝟒𝟖𝟔 ¿ Therefore, n = 4
𝑾𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎𝟒𝟖𝟔
CONTINUATION =
Using the GS: 2 + 6 + 18 +…
=
Solve for sum from to
On the previous slide we have =
determine that the value of 0

= 486. =
Also, we have determine that
the value of n = 4. =
We can now finally solve for the
sum from to =
CONTINUATION
We check, if we extend the series by multiplying 3 continuously.
GS: 2 + 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 + 486 + 1458 +4374 + 13122
𝒂𝟔 𝒂𝟗

If we add 486 + 1458 + 4374 + 13122, the result is?

19440