KONSEP PENGELOLAAN

LIMBAH AGROINDUSTRI
(AGROINDUSTRI to ZEROWASTE)

MK. MANAGEMEN LINGKUNGAN AGROINDUSTRI

Udin Hasanudin (1)
• Minimization of waste
• Total utilization of resource
• Increase of total productivity

Zero Waste Concepts

 KONSEP ZERO WASTE
• Integral approach, job creation
• Output-input connection
• Clustering industries
• Increase revenue
• Value added
• New industries at upper stream
 Concept of Zero-Waste
From End of Pipe Approach to Zero Emission Approach

Waste Treatment
Civic Life

Civic Life
Conversion Conversion
Technology Technology

Industry A Industry B
Industry A Conversion
Industry B
Technology

Waste Treatment Waste Treatment

 Pendekatan Zero Waste
Intra Industrial Zero E. Inter Industrial Zero E.

Minimize Resource Use waste of one industry

consumption & Waste in other industries
production in one Industry *Develop Conversion Tech
*Use of Clean Energy 　 Waste to Valuables
　 Natural Energy *Form Industrial Clusters
*Use of Clean resources 　 Cooperation for recycling
　 Biomass ・ Low load to Envir. *Establish System
*Heighten process 　　　 Economy
　 efficiency Independent Artery Industry
　 Less Energy & Resource
 Realization of Zero Emissions

Technology Development Social/Economic System

*Conversion Technology *Social Structure
*Clean Energy *Law & Regulation
*Energy-Saving System *Tax System & Incentive

Paradigm of People
*Lifestyle Change
*Global Viewpoint
*Environmental Education
Estimation Tool

LCA etc. to Estimate

Technologies Objectively and Comprehensively
AGRO-INDUSTRI

KELAPA SAWIT
Palm Oil Mill
Capacity: 25 ton/hr (110,000 ton FFB/year)

Steam: 4,600 kg
Base: kg/hr
Crude Palm Oil:
Fresh Fruit Bunches : 25,000 kg 5,450 kg (21.8%)
Fresh Fruit
Crude oil for starting: 2,250 kg
Bunches (FFB)
Water: 12,148 kg
PROCESS Palm Kernel:
Steam: 5,600 kg
1,398 kg (5.6%)

Empty bunches: 5375 kg (21.5%)

Wet fruit fiber: 3,066 kg (12.3%)
Dry fruit fiber : 1,275 kg KERNEL OIL
Wet shell 1500 kg (6%) PROCESS
Land Application Kernel cake: 625 kg
Water and wastes: 350 kg
Renewable
Condensate: 4,000 kg KERNEL OIL
Energy ?
Waste water: 19,330 kg (77.3%) 587 kg (2.35%)
Waste water with
Treatment plant COD = 29,000-31,000 mg/l
 PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT
DI PABRIK PENGOLAHANKELAPA SAWIT

FFB

Steam
electricity Fiber

EFB

Kernel shell
Boiler

Boiler ash
Aplikasi Kompos
Aplikasi Tandan Kosong
LIQUID BIOMASS UTILIZATION IN PALM PLANTATION

FFB

Wastewater

Lagoon system
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN
LIMBAH DI PPKS
SKEMA PENYEDIAAN ENERGI DI PPKS
8,7 ton/hr
Palm oil
40
FFB ton/hr
9.4 ton/hr
EFB
60
WATER ton/hr
1.7 ton/hr
PALM OIL Kernel
Diesel oil MILL
720 kWh/hr
85%
0.075 kL /hr Electricity 4.8 ton/hr
Fiber
FUEL 55%
2.8 ton/hr
Steam Shell

24 33.7 ton/hr POME

ton/hr

5.6
ton/hr
POTENSI ENERGI DARI LIMBAH BIOMASSA DI PPKS
(Kapasitas 40 ton TBS/jam)

Source of potential energy Equivalent to diesel

oil (liter/day)
Remain solid biomass
waste (shell and fiber) 66,319
Waste water 4,900

Total 71,219
MODEL PEMANFAATAN BIOMASS DI PPKS

Cluster industries

Palm oil mill Fiber and shell Energy Local demands

center
Waste water
EFB
AGRO-INDUSTRI

TAPIOKA
Cassava Water
17-20 m3/t Tapioca

Cassava Roots RM of Tapioca Tapioca Tapioca Starch

Farm 750-1000 t/day Starch Process Starch Process
150- 250 t/day (20-25% RM) Renewable
40,000-60,000 t/year
Waste Water
Energy ?
(Washing) Waste Water: 20-25 m3 /t Tapioca
Waste Water (30m3/t Tapioca in the rainy Season)
(Process)
BOD: 15,000-20,000ppm

Solid Waste
COD: 18,000-25,000ppm
TSS: 2,000-7,000ppm ?
Solid Waste (Total Suspended Solid)
(Skin and Chips) (Pulp)
・・・ⓐ 15-25% RM
Water Content: 60-70% Waste Water Treatment
Plantation
- Organic solid : ・・・ⓑ
Drying Process - Sedimentation
- Facultative anaerobic
- Aerobic
Cattle Feed - Fish Cultivation
Organic (8,000 Caws) Onggok BOD: <100ppm
Fertilizer and (Cassava Fiber) COD: <200ppm
TSS: <60ppm
Others
Irrigation to Papaya Field
- Typical example of large size factory RM: Raw Material
- 90% of Tapioca is produced in this size of the factories in Lampung (4,500,000t/y)
ⓐ + ⓑ = 3% RM
Lagoon Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Tapioka
POTENSI LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAPIOKA

Jumlah Peluang
Jenis Limbah
(%/ton ubi kayu) pemanfaatan

Kulit singkong, kompost,

2-3
meniran pakan ternak

pakan ternak,
bahan baku industri
Onggok 15-25
turunan baik pangan
maupun non pangan

Energi terbarukan
Air limbah 400-500 (biogas),
Pupuk cair
Kompos kulit singkong dan meniran
KULIT SINGKONG DAN MENIRAN YANG SUDAH
DIOLAH UNTUK CAMPURAN PAKAN SAPI
Kulit singkong dan meniran sebagai
pakan ternak
 PEMANFAATAN ONGGOK

• Pakan ternak 
• Bahan baku industri asam sitrat 
• Bahan baku industri sirup glukosa 
• Bahan tambahan untuk industri pangan 
• Bahan baku plastik biodegradable 
PEMANFAATAN AIR LIMBAH TAPIOKA
UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS
 AGRO-INDUSTRI

KEGITAN PETERNAKAN DAN

RUMAH POTONG HEWAN
 LIMBAH YANG DIHASILKAN
• Penggemukan Sapi
- pembersihan kandang cara kering
• kotoran ternak semi padat
- pembersihan kandang cara basah
• kotoran ternak dalam bentuk cair (slurry)
• Rumah Pemotongan Hewan
- Air limbah dari kegiatan pemotongan
hewan (darah, isi rumen, lemak, dll
- kotoran ternak semi padat
 PENGOMPOSAN
• Sudah banyak dilakukan
• Membantu substitusi pupuk kimia
• Mempertahan kualitas tanah
• Menjaga keberlanjutan pembangunan
pertanian
 Teknik pengomposan masih perlu
ditingkatkan
Pengomposan sederhana
Pengomposan sederhana
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADA KEGIATAN
PENGGEMUKAN SAPI
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH UNTUK PRODUKSI
BIOGAS PADA KEGIATAN PENGGEMUKAN SAPI
Skema pengelolaan limbah di rumah pemotongan hewan
 Pupuk Organik Kascing (POK)

Pupuk Organik Kascing (POK) Tempat produksi POK

PENGOMPOSAN ISI RUMEN
 ISI RUMEN KERING UNTUK
PAKAN UNGGAS

ISI RUMEN
KERING

PENGGILINGAN

PAKAN UNGGAS
 BIOGAS REAKTOR UNTUK
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RPH
SARANA PEMANFAATAN BIOGAS

Tempat pembakaran Penerangan

bulu babi kandang