MIRRORS &

Lenses

SUBMITTED BY: Angelo Yamat

SUBMITTED TO: Roland Sayago
DEFINITION OF TERMS

• REFRACTION
is the bending of light rays when it travels from one medium to another
medium of different densities.

Light refracts whenever it travels at an angle into a substance with a

different refractive index (optical density).

This change of direction is caused by a change in speed. For example,

when light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to continue
to travel at a different angle or direction.
EXAMPLE OF REFRACTION
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• REFLECTION
Reflections from flat surfaces are fairly easy to understand. A reflection appears to be the same
distance from the "other side" of the mirror as the viewer's eyes are from the mirror. Also,
when light is reflected from a mirror, it bounces off at the same angle in the opposite direction
from which it hit. For example, if the light hits a flat or "plane mirror" at a 30-degree angle
from the left, it will bounce off at a 30-degree angle to the right.
EXAMPLE OF REFLECTION
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• LIGHT RAYS
are just imaginary lines that represent the motion of visible light waves. A line drawn at 90
degrees through the peaks and troughs of a wave produces the ray of light in the direction the
energy is flowing.
EXAMPLE OF LIGHT RAYS
 TYPES OF MIRROR

• PLANE MIRROR
A plane mirror is a surface that needs at least two rays of light to make an image.

It creates an image that is of the same size as the object and which is a virtual and erect
image.

It forms laterally inverted images, meaning that images are not reversed from top to
bottom, but are reversed from left to right.

Some of the most common uses of the plane mirrors are in periscopes, kaleidoscopes,
automobiles, shaving mirrors, and in the head of torches and solar cookers for security-
related purposes.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION

• PLANE MIRROR
 TYPES OF MIRROR

• CONVEX MIRROR
A convex mirror is a spherical reflecting surface in which its bulging side faces the light
source. There are numerous uses of the convex mirror which is also referred to as the fish-
eye mirror by automobile enthusiasts and diverging mirror by physicists. The term
‘diverging mirror’ is based on its behaviour of making rays diverge upon reflection. This
means that when a parallel light ray hits a convex mirror, it reflects outwards and travels
directly away from an imaginary focal point.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION

• CONVEX MIRROR
 TYPES OF MIRROR

• CONCAVE MIRROR
When the light hits the reflective surface of the concave mirror is reflected and returns,
and it converges to one point. Therefore, it is also called a collection mirror.

Bringing the concave mirror very close to the object produces a magnified simulation
image.
However, increasing the distance between the object and the mirror will reduce the size of
the image and produce the actual image.

Concave mirrors can create small or large images, real or virtual.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

• CONCAVE MIRROR
 TYPES OF LENSES

• CONVEX LENSES
Convex lens is thicker at the centre and gets thinner towards the edges.

This lens converges a straight beam of light.

In convex lens both sides of the lens are curve outward, it is also called a converging lens.

A convex lens can form both real and virtual image depending on the position of the
object.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION

• CONVEX LENSES
 TYPES OF LENSES

• CONCAVE LENSES
Concave lens is thinner at the centre and gets thicker towards the edges.

This lens diverges a straight beam of light.

In concave lens both sides of the lens are curve inward, it is also called a diverging lens.

A concave lens can form virtual, erect and diminished image.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

• CONCAVE LENSES
 TYPES OF LENSES

• PLANO LENSES
In the Plano lens, one side is flat and the other side is either like a convex lens or a concave
lens.

A real image is formed when an object is placed in front of a plano-convex lens.

A plano-concave lens has negative focal point and produces a virtual image.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION

• PLANO LENSES
 IMPORTANCE OF MIRROS AND LENSES

There must be mirrors in every house. They support us in our routine daily lives, yet we
hardly ever recognize their value. We virtually always gaze in a mirror to see how we seem,
from the moment we get up in the morning until the moment we get ready for bed.
Mirrors show us our appearance, how our clothes fit, and how things fit. Humans are
usually curious about how things appear to and around them. It offers us the opportunity
to recognize and express gratitude. There is something to be said about how, after a day of
squinting to see everything else in the world, we are aware that we can always use a
handy mirror to take a quick look at ourselves. Mirrors are virtually always present
wherever you go. There are transparent mirrors that precisely reflect the picture of
anything or whoever is in front of them, and there are tinted mirrors that can either be
used as elegant decor or as a privacy screen. Our daily lives include mirrors without our
even being aware of it.
 REFERENCES

Tambayan, D. (2021, November 26). Grade 10 Science Module: Uses of Mirrors and Lenses
• DepEd Tambayan. DepEd Tambayan. https://depedtambayan.net/science-module-uses-
of-mirrors-and-lenses/

V. (n.d.). Types of Lenses in Physics. VEDANTU. https://www.vedantu.com/evs/types-of-

lenses-in-physics

Physics Mirrors - Physics Video by Brightstorm. (n.d.).

https://www.brightstorm.com/science/physics/light/physics-mirrors/