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    Ottoman Empire

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    Xymon Avelino
    The document summarizes the rise and expansion of the Ottoman Empire from the 13th to 16th centuries. It describes how the Ottomans, led by Osman I, established a small state in Anatolia and gradually expanded through alliances, conquests, and force of arms. Major events included capturing Adrianople in 1361, taking Constantinople in 1453, and conquering the holy cities of Mecca and Medina under Selim I. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman I in the early 1500s, though it began a slow decline after due to weak later sultans.

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    Ottoman Empire

    Uploaded by

    Xymon Avelino
    6 views11 pages
    The document summarizes the rise and expansion of the Ottoman Empire from the 13th to 16th centuries. It describes how the Ottomans, led by Osman I, established a small state in Anatolia and gradually expanded through alliances, conquests, and force of arms. Major events included capturing Adrianople in 1361, taking Constantinople in 1453, and conquering the holy cities of Mecca and Medina under Selim I. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman I in the early 1500s, though it began a slow decline after due to weak later sultans.

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    OTTOMAN EMPIRE

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    The document summarizes the rise and expansion of the Ottoman Empire from the 13th to 16th centuries. It describes how the Ottomans, led by Osman I, established a small state in Anatolia and gradually expanded through alliances, conquests, and force of arms. Major events included capturing Adrianople in 1361, taking Constantinople in 1453, and conquering the holy cities of Mecca and Medina under Selim I. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman I in the early 1500s, though it began a slow decline after due to weak later sultans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views11 pages

    Ottoman Empire

    Uploaded by

    Xymon Avelino
    The document summarizes the rise and expansion of the Ottoman Empire from the 13th to 16th centuries. It describes how the Ottomans, led by Osman I, established a small state in Anatolia and gradually expanded through alliances, conquests, and force of arms. Major events included capturing Adrianople in 1361, taking Constantinople in 1453, and conquering the holy cities of Mecca and Medina under Selim I. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman I in the early 1500s, though it began a slow decline after due to weak later sultans.

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    of 11

    OTTOMAN THE

    VAST EMPIRE
    KING ANGELO B. JUAN

    BSED3- SOC SCI


     1300: Byzantine Empire in
    decline & Seljuk

     Turks destroyed by the


    SETTING THE Mongols Anatolia inhabited by
    STAGE descendants of the Turks

     Peoples were militaristic, loyal,


    and lacked a strong central
    power/figure
    INTO
    BYZANTIUM
    Turks = militaristic culture

    Ghazis = warriors for Islam


    Followed an emir & raided the frontiers of the
    Byzantine empire
    Osman - most successful leader
    -Followers Ottomans
    -Forms a small state in Anatolia

    Lands expanded through alliances, conquest,


    payment
    Gunpowder = success
    -Muskets & cannons
    EMPIRE
    • Orkhan I, Osman's son, declared
    sultan
    • 1361: Captures significant city
    in Balkans on the Europe
    Adrianople = rise of an empire
    • Rule peoples through local
    officials & improve living
    standards
    • Muslims required to serve in the
    army
    • Non-Muslims required to pay an
    exemption tax
    TAMERLANE

    • Early 1400s

    • Tamerlane (Timur Lane) came from


    Central Asia

    • Burns Baghdad to the ground

    • Defeats Ottomans at Ankara

    • Stops & looks to China


    CONSTANTINOPLE
    • Mehmed I & Murad II expand empire as tar
    as Hungary
    • Mehmed II wanted to take Constantinople -
    Controlled the Bosporus Strait split of
    Ottoman territory
    • 1453: Attacks the city with cannons Drags
    ships over land to attack from the sea
    • Achieves victory in 7 weeks
    • Opens city to all & renames city, Istanbul
    Taking Holy Cities

    • 1514: Selim the Grim defeats


    the Safavids
    • Expands empire into North
    Africa
    • Takes control of Mecca &
    Medina
    - Islamic Holy Cities
    • Conquers Cairo
    SULEYMAN I
     Rules empire to its greatest extent
     1521: Conquers Belgrade & takes
    Rhodes = dominance Over eastern
    Mediterranean and extend naval
    power to take coastal areas of North
    Africa
     1526: Pushed empire to outskirts of
    Vienna
    • Suleiman created an efficient
    government & Social structure
    • Creates a civil & criminal law code
    • Limited taxes & simplified
    bureaucracy (uses slaves)
    • Devshirme policy
    - Conquered Christian boys educated,
    Converted, & trained as soldiers
    -Creates an elite & loyal force called
    Janissaries
    Lawgiver
    CULTURE
    • Freedom of worship granted to all
    Mainly Christians & Jewvs
    Communities treated as millets,
    or nations
    • Suleyman I pushed
    • cultural achievements = education,
    architecture, etc.
    - Mosque of Suleyman
    • Period similar to the Renaissance in
    Europe
    SLOW
    DECLINE
    • Despite gains, empire loses land
    • Suleyman kills one son & exiles another
    • Selim Inherits throne incompetent
    • Practice of killing brothers &
    imprisoning Sons established = long line
    of weak
    • sultans Empire lasts until 1918

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