C O M M U N I C AT I O N T H E O R Y

BY LUNGISANI X KHUMALO
What is communication?

 Communication is the process of creating meaning between two or more people

through the expression and interpretation of messages.
Elements in the communication process

 Sender
 Encode
 Message
 Decode
 Receiver
 Feedback
 Medium
 Environment
Cont.
Why do we communicate?/Purposes of Communication.

 To inform
 To persuade
 To create goodwill
Types of Communication/ Communication
contexts.
 Intrapersonal Communication- within yourself.
 Interpersonal Communication- two people (friend)
 Small- group Communication- Among people who work together.
 Public Communication- Public speaking
 Mass Communication- through mass media, with larger audience.
 Organizational Communication- Groups of people who work together and have a
common goal.
 Inter-cultural Communication- people who belong to different cultures.
Communication Barriers

 Perceptual Barriers- we see and prefer different things.

 Language Barriers- we speak different languages
 Physical Barriers- affects the surroundings of the communication.
 Physiological Barriers- Affects the body.
 Psychological Barriers- Affects the mind.
Maslow’s hierarchy
of human needs 5.Self-
actuali
zation
Needs
Reachi
ng
one’s
potenti
al
4. Self- esteem Needs
High self- evaluation. Self –
respect, self esteem, esteem of
others

3. Social Needs
Friendship, affectional relationships, interpersonal
acceptance

2.Safety Needs
Security, protection, structure, order, law

1. .Physiological Needs
Food, water, air
Codes

Verbal Codes  Non-verbal codes (communication

without the use of words)
(Written and spoken words)
E.g Signs
 e.g Telephone conversation
 Pictures
 Email
 Emoji
 Letters
 Body language
 Fax
 Proxemics
 Memo
 Clothing
 Sms
Organizational Communication
 MANAGEMENT

D
o
w u

al
n p

on
ag
w w

di
 WORKERS WORKERS
a a
r horizontal
r
d d
s s

 WOKERS WORKERS IN DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS