History of Astronomy

What is Astronomy?
• Astronomy is the study of everything in the
universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere. That includes
objects we can see with our naked eyes, like the
Sun , the Moon , the planets, and the stars . It also
includes objects we can only see with telescopes
or other instruments, like faraway galaxies and tiny
particles. And it even includes questions about
things we can't see at all, like dark matter and dark
1 BCE(The bigbang Theory)

 Nobody knows exactly how the universe came into

existence, but many scientist believe that it
happened about 13.7 billion years ago with a
massive explosion called the bigbang theory.
 in 1927 Georges Lemaitre proposed the bigbang
theory of the universe. The theory says that all
matter in the universe was originally compressed
into a tiny dot.
Sep 13, 1543
(The Heliocentric Model)

• Astronomers had speculated about

heliocentrism ( the idea that the earth
revolves around the sun, not the other way
around) since ancient times.
• But in 1543 Copernicus was the first person to
actually demonstrate the math behind the
idea to prove it was a viable concept.
Sep 13, 1559
the movement of the stars and
planet
• Babylonian astronomers in the first and second
millennia BCE tracked five points of light in the night
sky that moved differently than the other stars did.
They concluded that something fundamentally different
existed: these five points of light were not stars at all.
Historians and astronomers now believe the
Babylonians were among the first to recognize the
planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn,
which become visible to the naked eye at different
times of the year.
 Sep 13, 1600
( Telescope)

• A Telescope is an optical instrument that aids in

the o by observation of remote objects by
collecting electromagnetic radiation ( such as
visible light) the first known practical telescopes
were invented in the Netherlands at the
beginning of the 1600’s by using glass lenses.
 Sep 13, 1609
( Kepler’s Law)

•In 1609, a german asttronomer named

Johannes Kepler told the world that
planets moved around the sun on ellintical
routes, not in perfect circles as was
commonly believed.
 Sep 13, 1610
(The Moons of Jupiter)

•Galileo Galilei, arguably the most

scientist ever used a fancy telescope
half invented and half stole the idea for
to discover the four moons orbiting in
Jupiter in 1610.
 Sep 13, 1664
( Gravity)
• Isaac Newton, an English mathematician and
physicist, is considered the greatest scientist at all
time. Among his many discoveries, the most
important is probably his law of universal gravitation.
• In 1664, Newton figured that gravity is the force that
draws objects toward each other, it explained why
things fall down and why planets orbit around the
sun.
 Sep 13, 1780
( Herschel’s Map)
•From 1780 to 1834, telescope maker
william and his sister carolineHerschel
systematically mapped the heavens,
charting millions of stars and nebulae
in the process.
•He also discovered Uranus.
 Sep 13, 1915
The Theory of Relativity
•Albert Einstein, a german scientist
proposed his theory of relativity in
1915.
 Sep 13, 1924
The Expanding Universe

•Edwin hubble gave the astronomy world a

one-two punch of knowledge between 1924
and 1929. not only was the first to discover
other galaxies, but by tracking their
movement.
 Sep 13, 1931
Radio Astronomy
•In the world of astronomy radio is still
important today. It is discovered or
invvented by Karl Jansky in 1931. in his
expirement with radio waves led him to find
signals coming from the centre of the
galaxy, and he’s considered the founding
father of radio astronomy as a result.
 Sep 13, 1964
Cosmics Microwave Background Radiation

•It was a pair of radio astronomers,

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, who
discovered cosmic microwave
background radiation in 1964.
•CMBR is a type of radiation that
present in very small quantities.
 Sep 13, 1992
Exoplanets
• After discovering the various planets and non-
planetary objects in our solar system, astronomers
began looking at other stars in attempts to discover
new palnets.
• By analyzing the light spectra coming from distant
stars, and also their brightness plotted over time,
astronomers have been able to discover a large
number of planets starting in 1992 with the discovery
of several planets orbiting a pulsar.
 Sep 13, 1995
Extrasolar Planets

• Extrasolar planet is one that’s outside of our

solar system and astronomers believed in their
existence for a long, long time that the tools to
actually spot one became available; it was only
in 1995 when swiss astronomers Didier Queloz
and Michael mayor discovered a planet in the
 Sep 13, 1997
Dark Matter
• Dark matter ( different from daark energy)
is a type of matter that has been proposed
to exist to explain gravitational effects
within galaxies. When astronomers were
able to measure the mass of galaxies and
the orbital speed of stars within a galaxy.
 Sep 13, 2017
International space rotation
• The Human journey to mars begins some 250
miles overhead, as astronauts aboard the
international space station are working off the
earth for the earth.
• The space stations microgravity environment
makes research possible that cant be achieved
on earth leading h breakthroughs in
understanding earth, space and physical and
biological senses.