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Tutorial Class on Analog Filter

Date: 24/02/2022 Date:

Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee International

Institute of Information Technology, Naya
Raipur 

International Institute of Information Technology, Naya Raipur

Q.1. Design First order low pass filter with unity gain

Solution:

Dr. Manoj Kumar Majumder, Senior Member IEEE 2

Q.1. Design First order low pass filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

Dr. Manoj Kumar Majumder, Senior Member IEEE 3

 Q. 2. A first order low-pass Butterworth active filter has a cut-off frequency of 10 kHz
and unity gain at low frequency. Find the voltage transfer function magnitude, in dB,
at 12 kHz for the filter.

Solution:

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 Q.3. Design First order low pass filter with variable gai
Solution:

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 Q.3. Design First order low pass filter with variable
gain (Conti…)

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 Q.3. Design First order low pass filter with variable
gain (Conti…)

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 Q. 4. Design a first order low-pass filter at a cut-
off frequency of 2 kHz with a passband gain of 2.
Solution:

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 Second order active filter with unity gain
• Figure shows a general second order (two-pole) active filter, also
called Sallen-Key filter, with admittances Y1 through Y4 and an
ideal voltage follower.

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 Second order active filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

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 Second order active filter with unity gain
(Conti..)
Note: • For obtaining a low-pass filter, both Y1 and Y2 should be
conductances, i.e. Y1 = 1/R1 and Y2 = 1/R2 which will permit the
signal to pass into the voltage follower at lower frequencies.
• If Y4 is a capacitor, then the output will roll-off at high frequencies.
For producing a two-pole function, Y3 should also be a capacitor.
• If both Y1 and Y2 are capacitors, then the signal will be blocked at
low frequencies but will be passed into the voltage follower at high
frequencies, which results in a high-pass filter.
• Hence, both the admittances Y3 and Y4 should be conductances to
produce a second order high-pass transfer function.

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 Second order active filter with variable gain
• A general second-order active filter with variable gain
is shown in Fig.

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 Second order active filter with variable gain
(Conti…)

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 Second order active filter with variable gain
(Conti..)

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 Second order Low pass filter with unity gain
• The transfer function of a general second order low-pass filter given in
Eq. (6.6) can be used to analyse the second order low-pass and high-
pass filters.
• A Butterworth filter is a maximally flat magnitude filter.
• The transfer function of the filter is designed in such a way that its
magnitude is as flat as possible in the passband.

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 Second order Low pass filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

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 Second order Low pass filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

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 Second order Low pass filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

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 Second order Low pass filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

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 Second order Low pass filter with unity gain
(Conti..)

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 Assignment
1. Design first order high pass filter with unity gain.
2. Design first order high pass filter with variable gain.
3. Design second order high pass filter with unity gain.

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Thank You!!!

Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee International

Institute of Information Technology, Naya
Raipur 

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