BASICS OF

CRIMINALISTICS
PREPARED BY: MS. HAZEL FAITH D. CARREON
 The Basics of Criminalistics

01 02 03
MODULE DESCRIPTION:. LEARNING AIDS : (As STUDENTS’
This module provides the appropriate)Textbook REQUIREMENTS : (As
basics of Criminalistics Multi-Media Projector Appropriate) Prescribed
particularly the tools in uniform (Tamang
Laptop /Computer
Forensic Sciences. Bihis),Paper, flash drive,
Projector Screen ballpen, pencil, paper module,
Internet/Broadband references
Connection
REFERENCES :

1.    Guevara, R.M. (2019). Criminology Licensure Outcomes Based Examination

Reviewer. Danlyn Publishing House. Philippines:Valenzuela City
2.    
https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_128-134_evidence.html#:~:text=Rules%20of%20C
ourt%20%2D%20Evidence&text=1a)-,Section%203.,parties%20to%20be%20heard%
20thereon. (Links to an external site.)
3.    
https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/criminal-evidence.html (Links to an e
xternal site.)
 (Links to an external site.)
4.    Other online refrences
TRAINING GOAL : This block of instruction will help the students understand the basics of
Criminalistics.
Module Outcomes: The students are expected to learn the basic concepts of tools of forensic
sciences.
 
Module Requirements: At the end of this module, the students will come up with a Report Paper,
outstanding portfolio and quiz.
 
ASSESSMENT: The students will be evaluated through Objective and Essay Tests.
 CRIMINALISTICS
It can be defined as the
application of scientific
methods to the recognition,
collection, identification, and
comparison of physical
evidence generated by criminal
or illegal civil activity.

AREA DISTRIBUTION OF CRIMINALISTICS IN CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAMINATION IS 20%

PHYSICAL EVIDENCES
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
 FINGERPRINTS PROCESSING
What are the basic principles of Fingerprint Science? (3 dogmatic
Principles)

1. Principle of Individuality (Variation) – There are no two

fingerprints that are exactly alike unless taken from the same finger.

2. Principle of Permanency (Constancy/Perennial/Immutable) –

The configuration and details of individual ridges remain constant
and unchanging till after the final decomposition of the body.

3. Principle of Infallibility – That fingerprint is a reliable means of

personal identification and all courts accept and adopt fingerprint as a
means of personal identification.
 INSTRUMENTATION
 Scientific examination of real
evidence, application of
instrument and methods of the
physical sciences in detecting
crime. Instrumentation is found
most effective in cases where
physical evidence is important
 POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
Forensic photography - sometimes
referred to as police photography,
forensic imaging or crime scene
photography. - is the art of
producing an accurate reproduction
f a crime scene or an accident using
photography for the benefit of a
court or to aid in an investigation.
 POLYGRAPHY
Polygraph tests are lie-detecting
devices that help ascertain
individuals' honesty based on
physiological indicators. Polygraph
tests are used to detect truthfulness
of individuals in such important fields
as crime investigation departments,
national security agencies, and
business and industry
 QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
In forensic science, questioned
document examination is the
examination of documents
potentially disputed in a court of law.
Its primary purpose is to provide
evidence about a suspicious or
questionable document using
scientific processes and methods. 
Rules on Evidence Rule 130 sec 2-3;
10-19
TO BE DISCUSSED UNDER YOUR LAW
SUBJECTS…
 LEGAL MEDICINE
LEGAL MEDICINE
-branch of medicine that
deals with the application
of medical knowledge to
the purposes of law and in
the administration of justice
Forensic Medicine
A branch of medicine which deals
and applies the medical science
to legal cases.
A science which concerns with
the medical aspects of problems
that confronts the court.
It is synonymous with Legal
Medicine.
 LEGAL MEDICINE
 Originally the terms legal medicine, forensic medicine and medical jurisprudence
are synonymous and in common practice are used interchangeably.
 Strictly speaking, legal medicine is primarily the application of medicine to legal
cases while forensic medicine concerns with the application of medical science to
elucidate legal problems.
 Medical Jurisprudence denotes knowledge of law in relation to the practice of
medicine. It concerns with the study of the rights, duties and obligations of a
medical practitioner with particular reference to those arising from the doctor-
patient relationship.
 LEGAL MEDICINE
 Originally the terms legal medicine, forensic medicine and medical jurisprudence
are synonymous and in common practice are used interchangeably.
 Strictly speaking, legal medicine is primarily the application of medicine to legal
cases while forensic medicine concerns with the application of medical science to
elucidate legal problems.
 Medical Jurisprudence denotes knowledge of law in relation to the practice of
medicine. It concerns with the study of the rights, duties and obligations of a
medical practitioner with particular reference to those arising from the doctor-
patient relationship.