REPRODUCTION

If you are an organism,

you will need to
reproduce.

WHY?
There will be no more
of your species and the
species will die off.
REPRODUCTION
- Is the process of
producing or generating
new individuals or
offspring.
Have you ever heard of
endangered animals?
How about endangered
plants?
2 TYPES
Sexual
Asexual
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

 Is the formation of offspring

by the fusion of gametes.
 The offspring is genetically
different from parents.
 Sexual Reproduction

 Sexual  1. 2 parents
Reproduction  2. Sex cells: sperm and egg
 3. Sperm and egg join=
fertilization
 4. Offspring look different
from parent (mixed DNA)
 5. Examples
• Humans, some plants, mammals,
fish, reptiles, etc.
 Sexual Reproduction

Fertilization: part of the process of sexual reproduction in which

a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell combine
to form a new cell that can develop into a new organism.
 Methods of
Sexual
Reproduction
1. Pollination
 Pollen is produced Sexual Reproduction in
in the male organs Flowering Plants
of the flowers -
anthers. Pollination
occurs when pollen
is transferred from
the anthers to the
female organs by
wind or by animals.
If the female stigma
is receptive to a
pollen grain, the
pollen produces a
pollen tube, which
grows through the
 Female Parts

Male
Parts

(Pistil)

pollen (male) + ovule (female) → single-celled zygote → multi-

celled embryo (contained in a seed) → new individual
2. External Fertilization
 External fertilization usually
requires a medium such as water,
which the sperms can use to swim
towards the egg cell. External
fertilization usually occur in fish
and amphibians.
 The females lay the eggs in the
water and the male squirts the
sperm in the same area.
 3. Internal Fertilization
 Fertilization occurs within the
female.
 Internal fertilization occurs in
mammals, insects, birds, reptiles.
• Mammals (gorillas, lions, elephants,
rats, zebras, and dolphins have live
births)
• Insects, birds, reptiles lay eggs
 Sexual Reproduction in Animals

 involves specialized sex cells called gametes

 the union of a male and female gamete results in
the formation of a zygote that develops into a new
individual
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

 Isthe formation of offspring

without the fusion of
gametes.
 The offspring are genetically
identical except for
mutation.
 Asexual Reproduction
 Asexual  1. One parent
Reproduction  2. No sex cells
 3. Offspring
produced by cell
division
 4. Offspring
identical to parent
(same DNA)
 5. Several types in
 Methods of Asexual Reproduction

1. Binary fission
- one parent cell splits into 2
identical daughter cells
- happens in bacteria, amoeba,
some algae
 Binary Fission

Rod-Shaped Bacterium,
hemorrhagic E. coli

2 daughter cells are identical to

parent
2. Budding
- happens in yeast, hydra, corals
- parent produces a bud
- bud gets detached and develops
into offspring which is identical
to parent.
 Budding

Cactus Budding
3. Spore Formation
- happens in fungi, green algae,
molds and non flowering plants
(e.g. ferns)
- spores are produced and each
spore develops into offspring
which are identical to parent
 Spore Formation
Fern

Fungi
4. Vegetative Reproduction
- does not involve seeds
- some offspring can grow from
cuttings (e.g. coleus), runners
(e.g. strawberries), tubers (e.g.
potatoes) or bulbs (e.g. tulips)…
which are part of the parent
plant
 Vegetative
Reproduction
5. Regeneration
- Repair/ grow lost
body parts
- Left over cells
divide to make more
cells
- Lobsters, starfish,
lizards
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Sexual
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Asexual
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Asexual
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Sexual
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Asexual
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Asexual
What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Asexual
What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Asexual
 What type of reproduction is this???
Explain…

Sexual